Table 1. Patient characteristics.

^*p < 0.05, ^†p < 0.01, ^‡p < 0.001 vs. normals; ^§p < 0.05, ^∥p < 0.01, ^¶p < 0.0001; AR + PEF vs. AR + REF. AR + PEF: chronic aortic regurgitation and preserved LV ejection fraction, AR + REF: chronic aortic regurgitation and reduced LV ejection fraction, ACEI/ARB: use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blockers, LV: left ventricular