Table 2.
Clinical characteristics according to the development of microalbuminuria at baseline and the last follow-up (n = 377).
| Baseline | Follow-up | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA | MA | p | NA | MA | p | |
| n | 102 | 275 | 102 | 275 | ||
| Age (years) | 50 ± 6 | 51 ± 6 | 0.466 | 57 ± 6∗ | 55 ± 7§ | 0.008 |
| Gender (m/f) | 144/131 | 50/52 | 0.565 | 144/131 | 50/52 | 0.565 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.8 ± 2.0 | 30.0 ± 2.2 | 0.322 | 29.9 ± 2.0 | 29.4 ±2.0 | 0.016 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.4 ± 1.3 | 9.5 ± 1.4 | 0.469 | 7.2 ± 1.0∗ | 7.4 ± 0.8§ | 0.134 |
| Heart rate | 77 ± 9 | 76 ± 9 | 0.388 | 79 ± 10 | 78 ± 11 | 0.597 |
| Mean systolic BP (mmHg) | 122 ± 8 | 123 ± 10 | 0.053 | 126 ± 10∗ | 125 ± 11 | 0.707 |
| Mean diastolic BP (mmHg) | 79 ± 7 | 78 ± 6 | 0.230 | 79 ± 11 | 79 ± 8 | 0.951 |
| MBSP (mmHg) | 10.8 ± 1.5 | 10.9 ± 1.4 | 0.721 | 11.7 ± 2.2 | 35.3 ± 9.2§ | <0.001 |
| Urinary albumin excretion (mg/24 hours) | 13.3 ± 3.4 | 13.8 ± 3.4 | 0.204 | 19.9 ± 22.6∗ | 109 ± 38.4§ | <0.001 |
p: comparison between NA and MA performed separately at baseline and at the last follow-up. ∗: p < 0.05 NA at baseline versus follow-up; §: p < 0.05 MA at baseline versus MA at follow-up; MA: microalbuminuric; NA: normoalbuminuric.