Table 1.
Distribution of demographic and medical characteristics by any maternal prenatal TDF use, among HEU infants exposed for combination ART1.
| Median (IQR) or N (percentage) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother-infant pairs at 6-week visit (n = 155) | Mother-infant pairs at 9-month visit (n = 122) | |||||
| Maternal TDF use during pregnancy2 | Maternal TDF use during pregnancy2 | |||||
| Yes (n = 51) | No (n = 104) | p value3 | Yes (n = 38) | No (n = 84) | p value3 | |
| Maternal demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 28 (24–33) | 28 (25–33) | 0.730 | 30 (26–35) | 31 (25–34) | 0.930 |
| Education completed (years) | 8 (7–11) | 8 (7–10) | 0.430 | 8 (8–11) | 8 (7–12) | 0.901 |
| Number of children | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.109 | 4 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.460 |
| Married/cohabiting | 45 (88%) | 85 (82%) | 0.301 | 32 (84%) | 71 (85%) | 0.965 |
| Monogamous marriage (versus polygamous) | 36 (86%) | 67 (80%) | 0.415 | 25 (81%) | 56 (80%) | 0.940 |
| Enrollment site in Nyanza (versus outside Nyanza) | 40 (78%) | 67 (64%) | 0.076 | 28 (74%) | 63 (75%) | 0.877 |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal medical characteristics | ||||||
| Time since first HIV diagnosis (years) | 8 (5–8) | 8 (4–8) | 0.862 | 8 (6–8) | 8 (7-8) | 0.838 |
| Initiated ART before pregnancy (versus during pregnancy) | 30 (60%) | 69 (75%) | 0.063 | 30 (79%) | 47 (65%) | 0.137 |
| Ever received CD4 testing | 45 (94%) | 97 (97%) | 0.348 | 38 (100%) | 81 (96%) | 0.238 |
| Last CD4 (cell/µL) during pregnancy | 365 (268–520) | 395 (273–553) | 0.589 | 481 (326–600) | 550 (368–741) | 0.144 |
| Maternal WHO clinical stage | ||||||
| Stage 1 | 16 (32%) | 25 (24%) | 0.311 | 14 (37%) | 29 (35%) | 0.804 |
| Stage 2 | 8 (16%) | 20 (19%) | 0.608 | 8 (21%) | 15 (18%) | 0.676 |
| Stage 3 | 8 (16%) | 10 (10%) | 0.257 | 4 (11%) | 1 (1%) | 0.016 ∗ |
| Unknown | 18 (36%) | 48 (47%) | 0.214 | 12 (32%) | 39 (46%) | 0.124 |
| PI-containing maternal ART regimen | 16 (31%) | 7 (7%) | <0.001 ∗ | 7 (18%) | 7 (8%) | 0.105 |
| Trimester of first combo ART use | ||||||
| 1st trimester4 | 39 (89%) | 82 (94%) | 0.253 | 33 (97%) | 58 (94%) | 0.459 |
| 2nd trimester | 3 (7%) | 2 (2%) | 0202 | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 0.457 |
| 3rd trimester | 2 (5%) | 3 (3%) | 0.416 | 1 (3%) | 3 (5%) | 0.682 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23 (20–25) | 23 (21–25) | 0.193 | 21 (20–24) | 23 (20–25) | 0.005 ∗ |
|
| ||||||
| Infant characteristics | ||||||
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 38 (36–39) | 38 (36–40) | 0.562 | 38 (37–39) | 38 (37–40) | 0.121 |
| Birth weight (kilograms) | 3.0 (2.7–3.5) | 3.1 (2.8–3.5) | 0.338 | 3.3 (2.5–3.5) | 3.1 (2.8–3.7) | 0.363 |
| Infant male sex | 35 (49%) | 59 (57%) | 0.365 | 23 (61%) | 35 (42%) | 0.053 |
| Currently breastfeeding | 49 (98%) | 99 (99%) | 0.615 | 31 (84%) | 57 (68%) | 0.070 |
∗ p < 0.05.
1Missing data not shown.
2Maternal TDF use during pregnancy defined as any reported TDF-containing regimen used at any time during pregnancy among mothers that used combination ART.
3Chi-squared test for proportions or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous measures.
4Including women that initiated ART before pregnancy.