Table 3.
Association of age and sex-adjusted z-scores for weight, weight-for-length, length, and head circumference (HC) among HEU infants and maternal TDF use in pregnancy, by 6-week and 9-month immunization visits1.
| Growth outcome | Infants attending 6-week immunization visit | Infants attending 9-month immunization visit | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate2 | Multivariate2,3 | Univariate2 | Multivariate2,3 | |||||
| Coeff. or OR (crude) (95% CI) | p value | Coeff. or OR (adj) (95% CI) | p value | Coeff. or OR (crude) (95% CI) | p value | Coeff. or OR (adj.) (95% CI) | p value | |
| Weight | ||||||||
| Absolute WAZ | −0.46 (−0.93, 0.01) | 0.056 | −0.46 (−0.93, 0.01) | 0.057 | −0.31 (0.96, 0.34) | 0.341 | −0.31 (−0.97, 0.35) | 0.349 |
| WAZ < −2 SD | 1.84 (0.55, 6.23) | 0.322 | 1.86 (0.54, 6.35) | 0.321 | 1.67 (0.59, 4.72) | 0.333 | 1.60 (0.56, 4.56) | 0.378 |
| Absolute WLZ | −0.31 (−1.15, 0.53) | 0.461 | −0.30 (−1.16, 0.56) | 0.483 | −0.24 (−1.19, 0.71) | 0.608 | −0.22 (−1.19, 0.76) | 0.655 |
| WLZ < −2 SD | 0.58 (0.18, 1.93) | 0.377 | 0.59 (0.17, 1.93) | 0.374 | 1.62 (0.46, 5.71) | 0.450 | 1.63 (0.45, 5.94) | 0.452 |
|
| ||||||||
| Length | ||||||||
| Absolute LAZ | 0.02 (−0.81, 0.86) | 0.954 | −0.00 (−0.83, 0.83) | 0.992 | −0.15 (−1.17, 0.88) | 0.775 | −0.35 (−1.40, 0.71) | 0.514 |
| LAZ < −2 SD | 0.99 (0.49, 1.99) | 0.977 | 1.03 (0.51, 2.06) | 0.941 | 1.64 (0.70, 3.88) | 0.255 | 1.89 (0.80, 4.46) | 0.147 |
|
| ||||||||
| Head circumference | ||||||||
| Absolute HCZ | −0.04 (−0.77, 0.69) | 0.911 | −0.02 (−0.76, 0.71) | 0.948 | −0.06 (−1.07, 0.95) | 0.905 | −0.07 (−1.04, 0.90) | 0.888 |
| HCZ < −2 SD | 2.08 (0.27, 15.9) | 0.480 | 2.07 (0.27, 16.06) | 0.483 | 1.33 (0.33, 5.38) | 0.686 | 1.33 (0.33, 5.29) | 0.684 |
SD = Standard deviation.
1Maternal TDF use defined as any reported TDF-containing ARV regimen used at any time during pregnancy for any amount of time among mothers that used combination ART for HIV treatment or PMTCT while pregnant.
2Logistic regression models for binary outcomes and linear regression for continuous outcomes.
3Adjusted for maternal age, maternal education level, breastfeeding, gestational age at birth, time since maternal HIV diagnosis, maternal WHO clinical stage, timing of ART initiation (before or during pregnancy), trimester of first combo ART regimen use during pregnancy, and PI-containing ART regimen.