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. 2016 Jan 11;6:19092. doi: 10.1038/srep19092

Table 1. Different polarization switching routes of BiFeO3 film under an electric field or a mechanical force.

Electrical switching of polarization
A1(P1) (6 V) = A2(P1) Inline graphic A3(P−1) Inline graphic A4(P−3)(−2.3 V)
B1(P2)(6V) Inline graphic B2(P−4) ≈ B3(P−4) = B4(P−4)(−2.3 V)
C1(P2) (6 V) Inline graphic C2(P1) Inline graphic C3(P−4) = C4(P−4)(−2.3 V)
D1(P1)(6 V) Inline graphic D2(P−4) Inline graphic D3(P−3) ≈ D4(P−3)(−2.3 V)
E1(P2) (6 V) Inline graphic E2(P−4) = E3(P−4) = E4(P−4)(−2.3 V)
F1(P1) (6 V) Inline graphic F2(P−3) ≈ F3(P−3) ≈ F4(P−3)(−2.3 V)
Mechanical switching of polarization
G1(P1)(6V) Inline graphic G2(P−2) ≈ G3(P−2) Inline graphic G4(P−3)(1330 nN)
H1(P1)(6V) Inline graphic H2(P−2) ≈ H3(P−2) Inline graphic H4(P−3)(1330 nN)
I1(P1)(6V) = I2(P1) ≈ I3 (P1) Inline graphic I4(P−3)(1330 nN)
J1 (P4)(6V) Inline graphic J2(P−3) Inline graphic J3(P−2) = J4(P−2)(1330 nN)
K1(P1)(6V) Inline graphic K2(P−2) ≈ K3(P−2) Inline graphic K4(P−3)(1330 nN)