Table 1.
Total Sample and Out-of-Network Use by Demographic Characteristics for Mental Health and General Medical Populations
| Characteristics | Total General Medical Sample Unweighted n (Weighted % of Total Sample) | General Medical Out-of-Network Use* Unweighted n (Weighted % of Row Characteristics) | P** | Total Mental Health Sample Unweighted n (Weighted % of Total Sample) | Mental Health Out-of-Network Use* Unweighted n (Weighted % of Row Characteristic) | P** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 7786 (100%) | 602 (6.8%) | 849 (100%) | 163 (18.1%) | ||
| Age | 0.007 | 0.67 | ||||
| 18–29 | 528 (18.1%) | 51 (9.2%) | 73 (20.1%) | 12 (14.6%) | ||
| 30–49 | 2742 (43.8%) | 165 (5.3%) | 329 (46.0%) | 66 (19.4%) | ||
| 50–64 | 4516 (38.2%) | 386 (7.3%) | 447 (33.9%) | 85 (18.4%) | ||
| Sex | 0.002 | 0.02 | ||||
| Male | 2041 (43.7%) | 132 (5.2%) | 209 (41.9%) | 26 (12.9%) | ||
| Female | 5745 (56.3%) | 470 (8.0%) | 640 (58.1%) | 137 (21.9%) | ||
| Race | 0.98 | 0.24 | ||||
| White | 6498 (75.1%) | 514 (6.8%) | 731 (76.0%) | 148 (19.8%) | ||
| Nonwhite | 1288 (24.9%) | 88 (6.8%) | 118 (24.0%) | 15 (12.8%) | ||
| Marital status | 0.02 | 0.27 | ||||
| Married/living with partner | 5840 (71.9%) | 426 (6.1%) | 572 (60.6%) | 104 (15.5%) | ||
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 1063 (10.6%) | 84 (7.0%) | 146 (14.1%) | 34 (21.5%) | ||
| Never married | 883 (17.5%) | 92 (9.6%) | 131 (25.3%) | 25 (22.5%) | ||
| Education | 0.20 | 0.36 | ||||
| High school or less | 881 (26.4%) | 47 (5.5%) | 83 (22.7%) | 8 (12.1%) | ||
| Some college | 2758 (31.0%) | 207 (7.7%) | 285 (31.7%) | 54 (19.4%) | ||
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 4147 (42.6%) | 348 (6.9%) | 481 (45.6%) | 101 (20.2%) | ||
| Income (per year) | < 0.0001 | 0.005 | ||||
| < $35,000 | 822 (14.0%) | 68 (10.9%) | 113 (19.0%) | 20 (16.9%) | ||
| $35,000–$59,000 | 1848 (27.5%) | 103 (4.4%) | 199 (29.2%) | 26 (8.6%) | ||
| $60,000–$100,000 | 2847 (34.5%) | 218 (6.0%) | 299 (30.0%) | 54 (21.2%) | ||
| > $100,000 | 2269 (23.9%) | 213 (8.4%) | 238 (21.8%) | 63 (27.5%) | ||
| Residence in metropolitan area | 0.34 | 0.52 | ||||
| Yes | 6798 (86.4%) | 533 (7.0%) | 767 (89.3%) | 148 (18.5%) | ||
| No | 988 (13.6%) | 69 (5.7%) | 82 (10.7%) | 15 (15.0%) | ||
| Region of country | 0.48 | 0.20 | ||||
| Northeast | 1429 (20.8%) | 126 (7.4%) | 177 (25.2%) | 44 (20.6%) | ||
| Midwest | 2290 (24.0%) | 151 (5.8%) | 226 (22.4%) | 25 (10.6%) | ||
| South | 2277 (33.4%) | 182 (7.3%) | 245 (32.4%) | 52 (20.9%) | ||
| West | 1790 (21.8%) | 143 (6.4%) | 201 (19.9%) | 42 (18.8%) | ||
| Health status (self-reported) | 0.03 | 0.92 | ||||
| Excellent, very good or good | 7146 (91.5%) | 539 (6.5%) | 748 (86.3%) | 148 (18.2%) | ||
| Fair or poor | 625 (8.5%) | 63 (10.4%) | 101 (13.7%) | 15 (17.5%) | ||
| No. psychiatrists per 100,000 | 0.07 | |||||
| < 7 | — | — | 200 (23.6%) | 27 (15.6%) | ||
| 7–12 | — | — | 195 (26.1%) | 39 (28.8%) | ||
| 13–18 | — | — | 202 (27.7%) | 36 (23.1%) | ||
| ≥ 19 | — | — | 206 (22.6%) | 51 (32.6%) |
n’s may not sum to total due to missing data. Mental health and general medical samples are not mutually exclusive as some participants may have accessed both types of providers.
*
Outcomes include at least one inpatient or outpatient mental health or general medical out-of-network contact for the mental health and general health samples, respectively.
**
P-value is for chi-squared test. Bold numbers indicate significance at 5 percent level.