Figure 2.

Transmission rates of (a) Coriobacterium glomerans, (b) Gordonibacter sp. and (c) Leptomonas pyrrhocoris in Dysdercus fasciatus across four experimental treatments (untreated, eggs surface-sterilized, sterilized then reinfected with L. pyrrhocoris, and sterilized then reared in the presence of conspecifics infected with L. pyrrhocoris as well as both Coriobacteriaceae symbionts). (d) Titre of L. pyrrhocoris across infected D. fasciatus individuals in the three L. pyrrhocoris-harbouring experimental treatments. Parasite abundances represent estimated 18S rRNA gene copy numbers obtained from qPCR assays. Different letters above bars/boxes indicate significant differences ((a–c) pairwise χ² tests, p < 0.05; (d) Kruskall–Wallis H-test, p < 0.05).