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. 2016 Jan 11;16:3. doi: 10.1186/s12888-016-0710-3

Table 3.

Results for hierarchical regression analyses of variables predicting depressive symptoms

Variables Step 1 (β) Step 2 (β) Step 3 (β)
Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
Step1
 Age 0.116** 0.033* 0.035* 0.033* 0.035*
 Gender −0.101** −0.047** −0.049** −0.050** −0.051**
 Study programs −0.141** −0.064** −0.068** −0.065** −0.065**
Step2
 Resilience −0.223** −0.233** −0.234** −0.221**
 Hope −0.195** −0.199** −0.189** −0.200**
 Optimism −0.227** −0.222** −0.229** −0.228**
Step3
 Resilience × Hope −0.054**
 Resilience × Optimism −0.070**
 Hope × Optimism −0.070**
 F 38.884** 207.706** 180.266 182.077 182.151
 R2 0.038 0.299 0.302 0.304 0.304
 △R2 0.038 0.261 0.003 0.005 0.005

Resilience: Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14); Hope: Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS); Optimism: Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). *p < 0.05 (two-tailed); **p < 0.01 (two-tailed)