. 2016 Jan 11;16:3. doi: 10.1186/s12888-016-0710-3

Table 3.

Results for hierarchical regression analyses of variables predicting depressive symptoms

Variables	Step 1 (β)	Step 2 (β)	Step 3 (β)
Variables	Step 1 (β)	Step 2 (β)	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Step1
Age	0.116**	0.033*	0.035*	0.033*	0.035*
Gender	−0.101**	−0.047**	−0.049**	−0.050**	−0.051**
Study programs	−0.141**	−0.064**	−0.068**	−0.065**	−0.065**
Step2
Resilience		−0.223**	−0.233**	−0.234**	−0.221**
Hope		−0.195**	−0.199**	−0.189**	−0.200**
Optimism		−0.227**	−0.222**	−0.229**	−0.228**
Step3
Resilience × Hope			−0.054**
Resilience × Optimism				−0.070**
Hope × Optimism					−0.070**
F	38.884**	207.706**	180.266	182.077	182.151
R²	0.038	0.299	0.302	0.304	0.304
△R²	0.038	0.261	0.003	0.005	0.005

Resilience: Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14); Hope: Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS); Optimism: Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). *p < 0.05 (two-tailed); **p < 0.01 (two-tailed)