Figure 1.

Experimental plan used for the different groups of mice. (A) Starting at 8 weeks old, female Csf1^+/+ wild-type (WT) mice were trained, and two baseline gastric emptying (GE) readings (arrows) were obtained before the mice were treated with streptozotocin starting at 12 weeks (arrowhead). Only mice weighing more than 20 g were used. After development of diabetes, when the mice were 12–14 weeks old, GE was measured weekly for up to 8 weeks. Tissues were collected from three groups of Csf1^+/+ mice: (1) diabetic mice that develop delayed GE indicated by t_1/2 values outside the normal range on 2 consecutive weeks, (2) mice with normal GE matched to the mice with delayed GE by duration of diabetes, and (3) resistant mice that did not develop delayed GE after 8 weeks of diabetes. (B) Sibling Csf1^op/op (Op/Op) mice underwent the same regimen. These mice did not develop delayed GE, and they were killed for tissue and blood collection after 8 weeks of diabetes (20–22 weeks of age). Csf1^op/op (Op/Op) without diabetes were observed for the same period of time and used as controls (20–22 weeks of age).