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. 2015 Sep 3;2(1):77–91. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.08.007

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© 2016 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Nitric oxide (NO) positively modulates glial connexin-43 (Cx43) hemichannels and negatively modulates neuronal pannexin-1 (panx1) hemichannels. (A, B) Representative Ca²⁺ imaging traces (A) and averaged peak ΔF/F responses (B) show that NO (NO donor propylamine propylamine NONOate [PAPA NONOate]) blunts glial Ca²⁺ responses downstream of neuronal P2X7 receptor (P2X7R)-panx1 stimulation with 2′(3′)-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5′-triphosphate triethylammonium salt (BzATP, 300 μM). (C, D) Representative Ca²⁺ imaging traces (C) and averaged peak ΔF/F responses (D) of glial Ca²⁺ responses during direct glial P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R) activation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 100 μM) in the presence or absence of the NO donor PAPA NONOate. Note that NO potentiates glial network responses driven by the direct agonist ADP. *P < .05, ****P < .001, t test compared with control; n = 51–139 individual cells in 3–7 ganglia.