Table 4.

Number of YouTube videos reviewed (n=314) about medication use in pregnancy, by adverse outcome mentioned¹

Adverse Outcome	n2	%
Specific birth defects	175	55.7
Heart defects	160	51.0
Craniofacial defects	100	32.0
Neural tube defects	67	21.3
Abdominal defects	53	17.0
Club feet	53	17.0
Lung defects	51	16.2
Limb defects	27	8.6
Anal defects	12	3.8
Muscular/skeletal defects	6	1.9
Brain defects	6	1.9
Genital defects	4	1.3
Chromosomal abnormalities	2	0.6
Nonspecific birth defects3	56	17.8
PPHN	83	26.4
Behavioral/developmental disabilities4	35	11.2
Non-birth defect complications in the infant	21	6.7
Neonatal abstinence syndrome	12	3.8
Death	5	1.6
Outcomes related to the mother	28	8.9
Birth related complications5	19	6.1
None	7	2.2
Missing	53	16.9

Notes: PPHN=Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

¹All groups are indicators (i.e., videos could report more than one effect for every medication discussed and are therefore counted in each group indicated); exception to this is nonspecific birth defects when a birth defect by location was also given (see note below).

²Some videos discussed more than one effect (i.e., they might be represent more than once in this column), therefore, the sum of videos within each effect type will not equal the number of videos for each effect type.

³Only includes videos in which no specific birth defects were mentioned.

⁴Includes autism, developmental disabilities not otherwise specified, and behavioral problems not otherwise specified.

⁵Includes preterm birth, miscarriage, low birth weight, and general birth complications.