Fig. 2. : the immune response underlying asymptomatic infection. Aspects of the immune response of asymptomatic malaria carriers were compared to symptomatic patients. This response was didactically divided into immune cells including T regulatory (Treg) cells, CD4+ T-cells, B-cells, neutrophils, and monocytes (MOs) and biomarkers related to inflammation [interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and the haeme pathway [haeme, soluble CD163 (sCD163), haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1]. Additionally, molecular networks in the context of asymptomatic infection illustrate the use of methods of data integration in immunology. ADCI: antibody-dependent cellular inhibition; ADRB: antibody-dependent respiratory burst.