Table 1.

Genetic polymorphisms in UGT1A1 and their impact on hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal jaundice

Polymorphism	Ethnic group	Frequency		Note	Reference
		Control*	Patient
UGT1A1*6	Japanese	N.D.	0.68	Among 17 BMJ neonates, 8 neonates were homozygous and 7 were heterozygous.	Maruo et al., 2000
	Japanese	0.16	0.34	Allelic frequency was statistically higher in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.	Maruo et al., 1999
	Malay	0.04	0.13	Allelic frequency was statistically higher in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.	Azlin et al., 2011
		0.11	0.31	Allelic frequency was statistically higher in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.	Huang et al., 2004
		0.13	0.23	Allelic frequency was statistically higher in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia	Chang et al., 2013
	Japanese	0.18	0.66	Allelic frequency was statistically higher in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.	Maruo et al., 2014
UGT1A1*28	Japanese	N.D.	0.03	Among 17 BMJ neonates, just one neonate was heterozygous.	Maruo et al., 2000
	Japanese	0.15	0.04	Allelic frequency was lower in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.	Maruo et al., 1999
	North Indian	0.29	0.487	Allelic frequency was higher in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.	Agrawal et al., 2009
	Turkish	0.27	0.25	Allelic frequency was similar in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.	Babaoglu et al., 2006
	Malay	0.001	0.035	Allelic frequency was not statically higher in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.	Azlin et al., 2011
		0.065	0.02	Allelic frequency was lower in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.	Huang et al., 2004
	Caucasia	0.41	0.41	Allelic frequency was similar in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.	Travan et al., 2014
	Asian	0.16	N.D.		Beutler et al., 1998
	European	0.387	N.D.		Beutler et al., 1998
	Africa	0.426	N.D.		Beutler et al., 1998

^*Allele frequency in neonates without hyperbilirubinemia.