Table 4.
Links between Out of School Time Contexts and Amount of Substance Use at the End of High School (N= 766)
| Amount of Substance Use at the End of High School (Standardized) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Cigarette Use | Alcohol Use | Marijuana Use | ||
| Predictor Variables (Standardized) | ||||
| Unsupervised Time with Peers | 0.11** (0.04) | 0.13*** (0.04) | 0.16*** (0.04) | |
| Sports | −0.12*** (0.03) | 0.09** (0.03) | −0.09** (0.03) | |
| Organized Activities | −0.04 (0.03) | −0.05 (0.03) | −0.05 (0.03) | |
| Paid Employment | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.07+ (0.04) | −0.02 (0.04) | |
| Covariates | ||||
| Prior Substance Use at Age 15 (Yes/No)a | 0.89*** (0.17) | 0.37*** (0.10) | 0.71*** (0.20) | |
| Female | −0.13* (0.07) | −0.17** (0.06) | −0.38*** (0.07) | |
| Race/Ethnicity (Reference Category: White) | ||||
| Black | −0.15 (0.15) | 0.14 (0.18) | 0.00 (0.17) | |
| Hispanic | −0.29+ (0.15) | 0.20 (0.20) | −0.14 (0.17) | |
| Asian/Other | 0.07 (0.19) | −0.10 (0.17) | −0.32** (0.11) | |
| Birth | ||||
| Maternal Age | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | |
| Maternal Education | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.05** (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) | |
| Age 15 | ||||
| Income To Needs Ratio | −0.01* (0.01) | 0.01* (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | |
| Parenting Composite | −0.02 (0.06) | 0.07 (0.06) | 0.04 (0.05) | |
| Adolescent Impulsivity | 0.12** (0.04) | 0.18*** (0.04) | 0.17*** (0.04) | |
| Constant | 0.50+ (0.30) | −0.70** (0.27) | −0.04 (0.30) | |
|
| ||||
| Observations | 765 | 766 | 764 | |
Note. Robust standard errors in parentheses. Site fixed effects included
a
Prior use differed for each analytic model. Prior use in cigarette use model was an indicator if the adolescent ever smoked cigarettes at age 15. Prior use in alcohol use model was an indicator if the adolescent ever drank alcohol at age 15. Prior use in marijuana use model was an indicator if the adolescent ever smoked marijuana at age 15.
+
p < 0.10,
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001