Table 1. Reviewed medical treatment of male infertility.
| Substance | Administration | Dosage and frequency | Current availability |
|---|---|---|---|
| GnRH | Subcutaneous infusion pump | 25-200 ng/kg per pulse every 2 hours | Only in specialty centers or part of clinical trials |
| Human chorionic-gonadotropin (hCG) | Subcutaneous/intramuscular | 1,500-3,000 IU 2 times/week |
Available, FDA approved for treatment of infertility due to gonadotropin deficiency |
| Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) | Subcutaneous/intramuscular | 75 IU 2-3 times/week | Available, FDA approved for treatment of infertility due to gonadotropin deficiency |
| Highly purified or recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (rhFSH) | Subcutaneous/intramuscular | 100-150 IU 2-3 times/week | Available, FDA approved for treatment of infertility due to gonadotropin deficiency |
| Dopamine agonist | Oral | Cabergoline (0.5-1 mg twice weekly), bromocriptine (2.5-5.0 mg twice weekly) |
FDA approval for treatment of hyperprolactinaemia |
| Aromatase inhibitors | Oral | Anastrozole 1 mg/day | Off label use |
| Letrozole 2.5 mg/day | Off label use | ||
| Testolactone | Not available in the USA | ||
| Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) | Oral | Clomiphene citrate titrate to 50 mg/day | Off label use |
| Tamoxifen 20 mg/day, toremifene 60 mg/day, raloxifene 60 mg/day |
Off label use |