Table 3.

Sex‐specific associations of serum leptin and C‐reactive protein (CRP) with cancer death in the NHANES III, stratified by obesity status. All models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, poverty‐to‐income ratio (PIR), tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and vigorous physical activity

	General obesitya		Abdominal obesityb
	Not obese	Obese	Not obese	Obese
Men
N cancer death/N total	145/2177	43/582	114/1965	74/794
Leptin (μg/L)
Low	1.0 (Reference)	1.0 (Reference)	1.0 (Reference)	1.0 (Reference)
Moderate	0.85 (0.50–1.44)	1.18 (0.22–6.40)	0.91 (0.47–1.76)	4.09 (0.88–19.10)
High	0.61 (0.24–1.53)	1.56 (0.35–6.94)	0.64 (0.20–1.99)	2.71 (0.64–11.45)
P trend	0.28	0.56	0.49	0.59
P interaction leptin and obesity		0.52		0.43
CRP (mg/L)
Low	1.0 (Reference)	1.0 (Reference)	1.0 (Reference)	1.0 (Reference)
Moderate	0.99 (0.52–1.89)	1.48 (0.41–5.40)	1.06 (0.57–1.97)	1.33 (0.63–2.79)
High	3.62 (1.86–7.04)	0.59 (0.13–2.72)	2.22 (0.97–5.05)	3.43 (1.03–11.48)
P trend	0.004	0.89	0.17	0.07
P interaction CRP and obesity		0.29		0.64
P interaction leptin and CRP	0.39	0.09	0.11	0.08
Women
N cancer death/N total	112/2235	67/963	52/1438	127/1760
Leptin (μg/L)
Low	1.0 (Reference)	1.0 (Reference)	1.0 (Reference)	1.0 (Reference)
Moderate	0.76 (0.44–1.32)	1.77 (0.20–16.16)	1.06 (0.49–2.30)	1.24 (0.64–2.41)
High	0.30 (0.14–0.65)	0.65 (0.08–5.08)	N/A	1.07 (0.55–2.07)
P trend	0.003	0.01	0.15	0.09
P interaction leptin and obesity		0.63		0.41
CRP (mg/L)
Low	1.0 (Reference)	1.0 (Reference)	1.0 (Reference)	1.0 (Reference)
Moderate	1.32 (0.66–2.63)	0.89 (0.33–2.36)	1.00 (0.47–2.11)	1.29 (0.70–2.36)
High	0.65 (0.25–1.68)	0.92 (0.43–1.94)	N/A	1.14 (0.62–2.07)
P trend	0.78	0.89	0.40	0.63
P interaction CRP and obesity		0.83		0.35
P interaction leptin and CRP	0.77	0.37	0.92	0.46

^aAdjusted for waist circumference (continuous).

^bAdjusted for body mass index (continuous).