Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants (N=86).
| Characteristic | Total | CBPT N=43 | Education N=43 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age in years, Mean ± SD | 57.6 ± 12.2 | 56.9 ± 11.1 | 58.4 ± 13.3 |
| Female Sex, N (%) | 48 (55.8) | 25 (58.1) | 23 (53.5) |
| Self-Report White Race, N (%) | 69 (80.2) | 36 (83.7) | 33 (76.7) |
| More than High School Education, N (%) | 62 (72.1) | 30 (69.8) | 32 (74.4) |
| Married, N (%) | 61 (70.9) | 32 (74.4) | 29 (67.4) |
| Obese BMI Category, N (%) | 44 (51.1) | 23 (53.5) | 21 (48.8) |
| Employed Prior to Surgery, N (%) | |||
| Not Working | 29 (33.7) | 14 (32.6) | 15 (34.9) |
| Working | 39 (45.3) | 21 (48.8) | 18 (41.9) |
| Retired | 18 (21.0) | 8 (18.6) | 10 (23.2) |
| Current Smoker, N (%) | 17 (19.8) | 10 (23.3) | 7 (16.3) |
| Co-morbid conditions, N (%) | |||
| 0 | 6 (7.0) | 4 (9.3) | 2 (4.7) |
| 1–2 | 66 (76.7) | 32 (74.4) | 34 (79) |
| >2 | 14 (16.3) | 7 (16.3) | 7 (16.3) |
| Clinical | |||
| Fusion Surgery, N (%) | 60 (69.8) | 29 (67.4) | 31 (72.1) |
| Prior Spine Surgery, N (%) | 34 (39.5) | 17 (39.5) | 17 (39.5) |
| Duration of Preoperative Pain, Mean ± SD | 24.1 ± 27.4 | 25.1 ± 30.2 | 23.1 ± 24.5 |
| Taking Narcotics Prior to Surgery, N (%) | 47 (54.6) | 23 (53.5) | 24 (55.8) |
| Expectations of successful surgery, Mean ± SD | 8.9 (1.7) | 8.7 ± 2.1 | 9.2 ± 1.1 |
| Preoperative depression, PHQ-9 Mean ± SD | 10.3 (5.8) | 11 (5.6) | 9.6 (6) |
| Preoperative fear of movement, TSK Mean ± SD | 43.3 (5.3) | 43.5 (5) | 43.2 (5.6) |
| Preoperative pain self-efficacy, PSEQ Mean ± SD | 26.6 (11.3) | 25.5 (10.6) | 27.7 (12.1) |
| Preoperative back pain, BPI Mean ± SD | 6.7 (2.1) | 6.8 (1.9) | 6.5 (2.3) |
| Preoperative leg pain, BPI Mean ± SD | 7.1 (2.4) | 7.0 (2.6) | 7.1 (2.2) |
| Preoperative disability, ODI Mean ± SD | 49.1 (13.3) | 49.2 (13.7) | 49.0 (13.1) |
| Preoperative physical health, SF-12 Mean ± SD | 25.8 (5.8) | 25.4 (5.7) | 26.2 (6.1) |
| Preoperative mental health, SF-12 Mean ± SD | 46.8 (11.7) | 46 (11) | 47.7 (12.4) |
| 5-Chair Stand score, Mean seconds ± SD | 39.3 (21.5) | 38.0 (21.7) | 40.6 (21.5) |
| TUG score, Mean seconds ± SD | 20.0 (10.5) | 18.7 (9.8) | 21.3 (11.2) |
| 10-Meter Walk score, Mean m/s ± SD | 0.80 (0.32) | 0.79 (0.29) | 0.81 (0.35) |
SD = standard deviation; BMI = body mass index; PHQ-9 = 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; TSK = Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (17–68); PSEQ = Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (0–60); BPI = Brief Pain Inventory (0–10); ODI = Oswestry Disability Index (0–100); SF-12 = 12-item Short Form Health Survey (0–100); TUG = Timed Up and GO; m/s = meters/second