Table 3.

Primary outcome scores and change from pre-treatment to post-treatment and 3 month follow-up by group

Variable	CBPT Mean (SD)	Education Mean (SD)	Mean Change from Pre-Treatment		Between-Group Difference
			CBPT	Education	CBPT vs. Education	P Value
BPI: Back Pain
Pre-Treatment	3.0 (2.2)	2.8 (2.0)
Post-Treatment	2.9 (2.6)	2.5 (2.0)	-0.08 (-0.65 to 0.49)	-0.3 (-0.68 to 0.08)	0.22 (-0.46 to 0.9)	0.52
3 Month	1.9 (2.0)	2.5 (2.4)	-1.1 (-1.5 to -0.74)	-0.26 (-0.76 to 0.23)	-0.88 (-1.5 to -0.25)	0.007
BPI: Leg Pain
Pre-Treatment	2.5 (2.6)	2.2 (2.1)
Post-Treatment	2.1 (2.2)	2.3 (2.2)	-0.48 (-0.91 to -0.06)	0.05 (-0.34 to 0.44)	-0.53 (-1.1 to 0.04)	0.07
3 Month	1.3 (2.1)	2.1 (2.6)	-1.3 (-1.9 to -0.72)	-0.1 (-0.75 to 0.55)	-1.2 (-2.1 to -0.34)	0.007
BPI: Interference
Pre-Treatment	3.8 (3.0)	3.1 (2.6)
Post-Treatment	3.2 (3.2)	2.8 (2.9)	-0.65 (-1.16 to -0.14)	-0.3 (-0.84 to 0.24)	-0.35 (-1.1 to 0.38)	0.34
3 Month	2.1 (2.5)	2.8 (2.8)	-1.7 (-2.4 to -1.1)	-0.26 (-0.89 to 0.38)	-1.5 (-2.4 to -0.57)	0.002
ODI Score
Pre-Treatment	38.8 (17.3)	34.0 (16.7)
Post-Treatment	28.6 (17.6)	27.9 (19.4)	-9.8 (-12.1 to -7.5)	-6.1 (-10.5 to -1.7)	-3.7 (-8.6 to 1.2)	0.14
3 Month	21.1 (16.7)	26.5 (20.5)	-17.3 (-20.3 to -14.4)	-7.5 (-12.1 to -2.9)	-9.8 (-15.3 to -4.4)	<0.001

SD = standard deviation; BPI = Brief Pain Inventory (0–10); ODI = Oswestry Disability Index (0–100)