Table 1.
Characteristics | Patients | Control subjects | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Male | Female | Male | ||
Age [mean ± SD] | 56.4 ±9.4 | 65.5 ±8.6 | 55.7 ±15.6 | 63.1 ±13.7 | |
Level of education, n (% of all patients and controls) | |||||
Primary school | 26 (28.3) | 10 (6.4) | < 0.01 | ||
Secondary school, lower level | 37 (40.2) | 55 (35.0) | |||
Secondary school, higher level | 19 (20.7) | 55 (35.0) | |||
Postsecondary | 10 (10.9) | 37 (23.6) | |||
Marital status, n (% of all patients and controls) | |||||
Single | 6 (6.5) | 24 (15.3) | 0.02 | ||
Married | 74 (80.4) | 101 (64.3) | |||
Divorced/Widower | 12 (13.0) | 32 (20.4) | |||
Cigarette smoking n (% of all patients and controls) | |||||
Current smokers | 23 (25.0) | 40 (25.5) | < 0.01 | ||
Former smokers | 63 (68.5) | 57 (36.3) | |||
Never smokers | 6 (6.5) | 60 (38.2) | |||
No. of cigarettes, n (% of patients and controls who smoked) | |||||
< 5/day | 4 (17.4) | 5 (12.5) | NS | ||
5–20/day | 11 (47.8) | 28 (70.0) | |||
> 20/day | 8 (34.8) | 7 (17.5) |