Figure 1.

Schematic representation of the novel cost-benefit decision-making task (A). Across all subjects, likelihood of choosing to grip decreases over task blocks (40 trials each) (B) and is dependent on both effort and reward magnitude (C). Subjects exerted effort more often for money than for fruit and sweet snacks (D). Subjects decided fastest to expend effort in trials with low effort and high reward magnitudes and decided slowest to reject these offers (E). Men decided faster in trials involving monetary reward than in food reward trials (F). Depicted values are corrected for factors and covariates within the respective GEE model. Asterisks indicate significance within the respective GEE model reported in the Results Section.