Table 1.
Sample size, distribution of body mass index (BMI), age, years of education, depressive symptoms (BDI), punishment sensitivity (BIS), reward sensitivity (BAS), chronic stress level (TICS), self-reported body dissatisfaction, VAS hunger rating prior to experiment, task-induced implicit food craving, nine-point Likert Scale rating of subjects' wanting and liking of the individual sweet snack and fruit items that entered the task, subjects' maximum hand grip force, average reaction times and fraction of choices to exert effort throughout the task.
| Lean women | Obese women | Lean men | Obese men | F-/H-values | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size (sample size MRI) | 15(12) | 14(8) | 13(11) | 15(11) | – | – |
| BMI | 22.1±1.3 | 33.6±2.0 | 21.4±1.3 | 33.5±2.6 | F(3, 53) = 182.11 | <0.001 |
| Age | 24.3±3.0 | 26.5±4.5 | 26.1±3.0 | 27.5±3.6 | F(3, 53) = 2.05 | 0.12 |
| Years of education | 13(13–13) | 13(10–13) | 13(13–13) | 13(10–13) | H(3) = 3.89 | 0.27 |
| BDI | 2.7±2.9 | 6.1±5.1 | 3.5±4.0 | 4.5±4.5 | H(3) = 3.90 | 0.27 |
| BIS | 19.2±2.5 | 18.8±2.7 | 18.4±3.3 | 17.7±3.7 | F(3, 53) = 0.67 | 0.58 |
| BAS | 38.3±9.3 | 37.9±8.1 | 41.1±4.9 | 37.6±9.0 | F(3, 53) = 0.48 | 0.70 |
| TICS | 16.8±7.5 | 18.4±9.2 | 15.2±7.1 | 16.9±9.7 | F(3, 53) = 0.30 | 0.82 |
| Body dissatisfaction | 29.8±10.3 | 44.1±8.8 | 16.0±5.3 | 38.5±10.8 | F(3, 53) = 22.62 | <0.001 |
| Hunger prior to experiment | 59.4±22.7 | 56.2±28.1 | 53.3±20.7 | 58.6±19.5 | F(3, 53) = 0.02 | 0.89 |
| Implicit food craving | 22.7±18.3 | 32.4±25.3 | 21.7±20.3 | 17.6±15.8 | F(3, 53) = 1.43 | 0.24 |
| Wanting of included sweet items | 7.7±1.1 | 7.2±1.0 | 7.5±1.0 | 6.7±1.4 | H(3) = 5.82 | 0.12 |
| Wanting of included fruit items | 8.1±0.8 | 7.6±1.1 | 7.9±1.0 | 7.8±0.8 | H(3) = 2.39 | 0.50 |
| Liking of included sweet items | 8.1±0.9 | 7.3±0.8 | 7.5±0.9 | 7.1±0.9 | H(3) = 8.13 | <0.05 |
| Liking of included fruit items | 8.3±0.7 | 7.8±0.8 | 8.1±1.0 | 8.2±0.8 | H(3) = 4.33 | 0.23 |
| Maximum grip force | 27.1±5.5 | 27.1±5.6 | 43.1±6.9 | 48.1±9.2 | F(3, 53) = 34.96 | <0.001 |
| Reaction times | 581.9±74.1 | 672.3±106.6 | 569.1±62.9 | 614.2±105.8 | F(3, 53) = 3.63 | <0.05 |
| % Choices of effort exertion | 64.4±15.0 | 65.4±18.7 | 71.4±17.0 | 56.6±11.1 | F(3, 53) = 2.17 | 0.10 |
Values represent mean ± standard deviation, except for years of education [median (min max)]. Tests for group differences are based on Kruskal–Wallis–H-tests and ANOVA (F). Bold values represent significant group differences.