Table 1. Comparison of clinical characteristics between CVD and non-CVD participants with type 2 diabetes.
| Parameter | CVD | Non-CVD | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 79 | 150 | |
| Age (years) | 62.7 (8.3) | 62.0 (7.9) | 0.480 |
| Female, n (%) | 16 (20.3%) | 31 (20.7%) | 0.983 |
| Diabetes duration (years)a | 8 (4 – 13) | 4 (1 – 9) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.3 (1.4) | 6.8 (1.4) | 0.024 |
| Current smoker n (%) | 5 (6.3%) | 19 (12.7%) | 0.315 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 73 (92.4%) | 119 (79.3%) | 0.011 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 132.6 (17.7) | 133.3 (18.2) | 0.794 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75.3 (8.6) | 76.8 (8.3) | 0.213 |
| Spot urine ACR (mg/mmol)a | 1.5 (0.4−10.1) | 1.1 (0.4−3.2) | 0.404 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 98.6 (23.3) | 103.1 (22.5) | 0.156 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.2 (1.0) | 4.4 (0.9) | 0.201 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)a | 1.4 (1.0−1.9) | 1.3 (1.0−1.8) | 0.772 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) | 0.048 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.3 (0.9) | 2.4 (0.8) | 0.203 |
All data were expressed as mean ± SD or median (IQR) or number (percentages), as appropriate.
The differences between CVD and non-CVD patients were compared with independent two-sample T test for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables, unless otherwise indicated. aComparison was made with Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
Abbreviations: ACR: albumin to creatinine ratio; BP: blood pressure; CVD: cardiovascular disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein.