Table 1.
Summary of metabolites linked with epigenetic modifications in pluripotent stem cells.
| Metabolite | Epigenetic intermediate | Metabolic pathway | Epigenetic target | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Threonine | SAM (via glycine) | Folate/SAM cycles | H3K4me3 | [60–62] |
| Acetyl-CoA | ||||
|
| ||||
| Methionine | SAM | SAM cycle | H3K4me3 | [64] |
|
| ||||
| Glutamine | αKG | TCA | H3K9me3 | [65] |
| H3K27me3 | ||||
| H3K26m3 | ||||
| H4K20me3 | ||||
|
| ||||
| l-Proline | TBD | TBD | MRT | [74] |
| H3K9me | ||||
| H3K36me | ||||
|
| ||||
| Glucose | Acetyl-CoA | (glycolysis-derived) | H3K9/K27ac | [76] |
| (from citrate) | Pyruvate oxidation | |||
|
| ||||
| TBD | TBD | O-GlcNAc | me/TETs | [83] |
|
| ||||
| TBD | NAD+ | TBD | ac/sirtuins | — |