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. 2016 Jan 12;6:424. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00424

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Copyright © 2016 Deyhle, Gier, Evans, Eggett, Nelson, Parcell and Hyldahl.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Muscle-infiltrating CD8⁺ T-cells. (A) Eight micrometer thick sections stained for dystrophin (red), DNA (blue), and CD8 (green). All four images were taken from muscle samples 1 day before bout 1 (B1) of damaging lengthening contractions (LC) (−1d), 2 days after B1 (B1 + 2d), 27 days after bout 1 (B1 + 27d) and two days after bout 2 (B2) (B2 + 2d). The arrows show a CD8⁺ T-cell as evidenced by CD8 immunoreactivity localized around a DAPI-positive nucleus. (B) Merged image reveals the CD8⁺ T-cell invading an apparently necrotic fiber. (C) CD8⁺ T-cell enumeration per muscle fiber before and 2 days following the first (B1) and second bout (B2) of damaging lengthening contractions (LC). ^* Indicates significant difference (One-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's HSD, p < 0.05). Scale bar = 50 μm.