Table 3.

D-loop mutations

Region	Cancer types	Description
D-loop	Leukemia [112, 113], bladder cancer [143, 160], breast cancer [132, 161-165], cervical tumor [160, 166, 167], colorectal cancer [12, 116, 148, 158, 168-170], endometrial tumor [160, 171-173], head and neck cancer [79, 129, 143, 151, 174-176], liver cancer [180, 181], lung cancer [143, 177, 182, 183], brain tumor [136], skin cancer [119, 120], oral cancer [137, 138, 160, 184], parathyroid gland tumor [121], prostate cancer [131, 137, 185-187], renal tumor [137, 149], stomach cancer [137, 178, 181], thyroid cancer [121, 137, 188], uterine carcinoma [137], nasopharyngeal carcinoma [154], ovarian cancer [189], gastrointestinal tumor [130, 179, 190, 193], hepatocellular cancer [35, 157, 181, 191, 192], glioma [155, 194], astrocytoma [195], Barrett's cancer [196], osteosarcoma [197], Ewing's sarcoma[198], gallbladder carcinoma [199].	A total of 635 mutations were reported, including 510 point mutations, 56 deletions (among them 2 were 50 bp deletions) and 69 insertions. Mutations at position 310 were detected in several types of cancers. A263G, C150T, C16223T, C16519T, G16390A, G207A, G94A, T146C, T152C, T16189C, T195C, T204C, T72C were also found to associate with cancers by different groups.