. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Med Res Rev. 2014 Aug 28;35(2):225–285. doi: 10.1002/med.21327

Table III.

Ribosomal Protein Expression and Human Cancers

Cancer Type	RP(s)	Alteration	Implications for disease	Ref.
Liver cancer	S8, L12, L23a, L27, L30, L36, L36a	Upregulation	Increased L36 expression is associated with better survival	8,325,326
Gastric cancer	L15, S13, L6, L13	Upregulation	Upregulation is associated with increased cell proliferation, drug resistance, and poor survival	91,120,158,327
Colorectal cancer	L13, S11, L7, L10a, L44, S19, L19 (feces), S27L (cancer tissues and feces)	Upregulation	Fecal L19 expression is associated with advanced disease while elevated S27L expression correlates with a better prognosis	327–333
Colorectal cancer	Sa, S8, S12, S18, S24, L13a, L18, L28, L32, and L35a	Downregulation	Downregulation is associated with the ribosomes of the mucosal epithelia	327–333
Prostate cancer	S2, L19	Upregulation	Elevated L19 expression is associated with advanced disease	334–337
Esophageal cancer	L14, L15, pS6	Downregulation (L14); Upregulation (L15, pS6)	Elevated levels of pS6 are associated with shorter survival and an adverse prognosis	338–340
Lung cancer	L22, pS6	Downregulation (L22); Upregulation (pS6)	Higher pS6 expression is associated with a shorter metastasis-free survival	169,341
Breast cancer	L41	Downregulation	L41 downregulation is related to malignant transformation	150
Osteosarcoma	L7a	Downregulation	Downregulation of L7a is associated with poor survival of osteosarcoma patients with lung metastasis	342
Leukemia Lymphoma	S6, L23	Upregulation	Elevated levels of L23 are associated with poor survival	343,344
Ovarian cancer	S4X	Upregulation	High expression of RPS4X is associated with a lower risk of death and later disease progression	345