Table 1.

Differential diagnoses of drug resistant epilepsy.

Diagnosis	Examples
None epileptic events	Shuddering attacks, self-gratification, panic attacks, tics, pseudo seizures, dystonic dyspepsia
Improper management	Incorrect diagnosis or classification, poor compliance, under treatment
Intractable epilepsy syndrome	LGS, infantile spasms, dravet syndrome, Doose syndrome
Lesional epilepsy	Cortical dysplasia, mesial temporal sclerosis, cortical tumors, hamartomas
Treatable inherited metabolic epilepsies	Please refer to Table 2
Neuro-metabolic disorder	Amino acid or organic acid disorders, urea cycle disorders.
Neurodegenerative disorder	Progressive myoclonic epilepsy, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, mitochondrial cytopathy

LGS - Lennox-Gastaut syndrome