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. 2015 May 15;124(1):12–22. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1408104

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Forest plots showing the association between cold spells and mortality from all non-accidental causes by sex for males (A) and females (B), all ages. Effect estimates are displayed on a logarithmic scale. The three independent effect estimates for Xie et al. (2013) represent cold spells in three different cities. Additional details about the study-specific effect estimates are provided in the Supplemental Material, “Part 1” and Tables S4–S5. Abbreviations: df, degrees of freedom; I², total heterogeneity / total variability; Q, Q-statistic; RR, mortality rate ratio. ^aThe effect estimate is for mortality from all causes instead of all nonaccidental causes.