Characterizing GABAA receptor-mediated tonic and 4-PIOL-activated currents in cultured neurons. Representative currents from cultured CGCs (A) and hippocampal neurons (HNs; C) in the presence of CNQX (10 μm) and D-APV (20 μm). Bicuculline (BIC; 20 μm) was applied for the duration indicated. All recordings were performed at room temperature and the holding potentials were −60 mV. B, D, Representative recordings from a CGC (B) and a hippocampal neuron (D), showing the effect of 10 μm 4-PIOL application on sIPSCs and holding current. E, F, Bar graphs for GABAA receptor-mediated tonic currents (E) and 4-PIOL-activated currents (F) from CGCs (n = 5) and hippocampal neurons (n = 6; bars are mean ± SEM). Tonic currents were calculated by subtracting the average holding current after BIC application from the average holding current in control Krebs.