Table 2.

Models of associations of in utero lead and cadmium exposure with measures of balance in the child at 7 and 10 years of age in ALSPAC

		Prenatal lead exposure				Prenatal cadmium exposure
	Age (years)	OR of balance dysfunction (95% CI)		p Value	n	OR of balance dysfunction (95% CI)		p Value	n
Heel-to-toe test	7	Unadjusted	1.01 (0.96 to 1.07)	0.503	2231	Unadjusted	0.81 (0.70 to 0.94)	0.010	2233
		Adjusted*	1.01 (0.95 to 1.01)	0.555	1732	Adjusted*	0.95 (0.77 to 1.20)	0.904	1734
Dynamic balance	10	Unadjusted	1.01 (0.95 to 1.08)	0.790	2132	Unadjusted	1.00 (0.84 to 1.21)	0.946	2134
		Adjusted†	1.02 (0.95 to 1.09)	0.692	1761	Adjusted†	1.20 (0.95 to 1.52)	0.135	1763
Static balance	10	Unadjusted	0.98 (0.92 to 1.05)	0.569	2095	Unadjusted	1.06 (0.88 to 1.28)	0.523	2097
		Adjusted†	0.98 (0.92 to 1.06)	0.661	1734	Adjusted†	1.00 (0.79 to 1.26)	0.995	1736

Logistic regression showing OR of balance dysfunction (95% CI).

*Adjusted for: sex, passive smoking at 77 months old (weekdays and weekends), and Ca and Fe intakes at 7 years.

†Adjusted for: sex, passive smoking at 103 months old (weekdays and weekends), and Ca and Fe intakes at 10 years.

ALSPAC, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.