Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants
| Amount (%) of non-use |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable† | Total number | To school | At school‡ | At home | Outdoors | At bedtime |
| School level | ||||||
| Primary | 1068 (65.2) | 55 (5.2) | 287 (28.3) | 785 (73.5)** | 537 (50.3)** | 788 (73.8)*** |
| Secondary | 371 (22.7) | 23 (6.2) | 115 (33.1) | 239 (64.4)** | 211 (56.9)** | 232 (62.5)*** |
| High | 198 (12.1) | 11 (5.6) | 55 (29.4) | 127 (64.1)** | 83 (41.9)** | 113 (57.1)*** |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 779 (47.6) | 44 (5.7) | 233 (31.7) | 546 (70.1) | 401 (51.5) | 527 (67.7) |
| Female | 858 (52.4) | 45 (5.2) | 224 (27.6) | 605 (70.5) | 430 (50.1) | 606 (70.6) |
| Dwelling area§ | ||||||
| Rural | 1130 (69.0) | 69 (6.1) | 316 (29.8) | 814 (72.0)* | 566 (50.1) | 798 (70.6) |
| Urban | 507 (31.0) | 20 (3.9) | 141 (29.0) | 337 (66.5)* | 265 (52.3) | 355 (66.1) |
| Total | 1637 | 89 (5.4) | 457 (29.5) | 1151 (70.3) | 831 (50.8) | 1133 (69.2) |
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001: χ2 test for each column by variable.
†χ2 tests for each row by variable were all statistically significant with p<0.001.
‡Note that those who did not wear/bring the Glass Badge to school were not included in the ‘at school’ column.
§An urban area was defined as an area with 4000 people/km2.