Table 5.
Ordered logistic regression results examining demographic, facility, visit, and perceived quality of care as predictors of overall patient satisfaction
| Non-HIV services |
HIV services |
All patients |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
| Perceived quality (% very good/excellent) | ||||||
| Health personnel practices and conduct | 3.53*** | (2.34 to 5.33) | 11.00*** | (3.97 to 30.51) | 4.08*** | (2.64 to 6.30) |
| Adequacy of resources and services | 1.66* | (1.08 to 2.55) | 4.68** | (1.81 to 12.10) | 2.15*** | (1.48 to 3.11) |
| Healthcare delivery | 1.75* | (1.13 to 2.70) | 1.02 | (0.47 to 2.24) | 1.68* | (1.06 to 2.67) |
| Accessibility of care | 2.49*** | (1.64 to 3.76) | 1.24 | (0.46 to 3.37) | 2.08*** | (1.45 to 2.98) |
| Cost of care | 1.42 | (0.94 to 2.16) | 1.05 | (0.27 to 4.15) | 1.17 | (0.78 to 1.77) |
| Facility characteristics | ||||||
| MOH managed (ref: private/NGO) | 0.41*** | (0.27 to 0.64) | 0.77 | (0.45 to 1.33) | 0.6 | (0.29 to 1.24) |
| Rural (ref: urban) | 0.69* | (0.48 to 0.99) | 0.26*** | (0.16 to 0.41) | 0.47*** | (0.32 to 0.69) |
| Hospital (ref: health centre or post) | 1.78*** | (1.27 to 2.48) | 0.93 | (0.63 to 1.39) | 1.3 | (0.88 to 1.93) |
| Patient characteristics | ||||||
| Age | 1 | (0.99 to 1.00) | 1 | (0.97 to 1.02) | 1 | (0.99 to 1.00) |
| Male respondent | 1.19 | (0.98 to 1.45) | 1.12 | (0.63 to 1.99) | 1.22* | (1.01 to 1.47) |
| Education of respondent (ref: none) | ||||||
| Primary | 0.82 | (0.58 to 1.14) | 1.33 | (0.46 to 3.85) | 0.89 | (0.66 to 1.19) |
| Post-primary | 0.66* | (0.46 to 0.96) | 1.31 | (0.42 to 4.09) | 0.75 | (0.53 to 1.05) |
| Self-rated very good or excellent health | 1.29* | (1.01 to 1.66) | 2.68** | (1.35 to 5.30) | 1.34** | (1.11 to 1.62) |
| Ethnicity (ref: other) | ||||||
| Tonga | 0.81 | (0.65 to 1.02) | 0.583* | (0.37 to 0.93) | 0.84 | (0.69 to 1.03) |
| Chewa Nyanja | 0.85 | (0.62 to 1.16) | 0.8 | (0.47 to 1.35) | 1.06 | (0.84 to 1.33) |
| Patient respondent (ref: attendant) | 0.89 | (0.70 to 1.13) | 2.21 | (0.98 to 5.01) | 0.93 | (0.73 to 1.18) |
| Visit characteristics | ||||||
| Travelled an hour or more | 0.96 | (0.77 to 1.21) | 0.83 | (0.48 to 1.44) | 0.89 | (0.72 to 1.10) |
| Waited an hour or more | 1.12 | (0.89 to 1.41) | 0.68 | (0.41 to 1.14) | 0.96 | (0.79 to 1.16) |
| Saw doctor or CO (ref: nurse/other) | 0.86 | (0.62 to 1.19) | 1.3 | (0.57 to 2.96) | 0.9 | (0.61 to 1.32) |
| N | 1927 | 398 | 2325 | |||
The exponentiated coefficients shown here can be interpreted as the OR of giving a higher overall rating, for a one-unit increase in the predictor variable.
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
CO, clinical officer; MOH, Ministry of Health, Zambian government; NGO, non-governmental organisation.