Table 2.

Serum Biomarkers; Comparison between healthy and patients. MMP2: metalloproteinase 2; MMP9: metalloproteinase 9; TIMP1: tissue inhibitor 1 of metalloproteinase; TNFa: tumor necrosis factor a; TGFb1: transforming growth factor, beta 1; Ten C: Tenascin C; IL2: interleukin 2; Fet A: Fetuin A; SOST: Sclerostin; OPN: osteopontin; OPG: osteoprotegerin; RL2: Relaxin 2; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; MDA: malondialdehyde. Results from serum biomarkers and TIMP1/MMP2 and TIMP1/MMP9 ratios between patients and healthy/controls tested with unpaired student t-test statistical analysis. Asterisk * represents p < 0.0001.

	Healthy/Controls	Patients	p-value
Serum biomarkers	(mean ± SD)	(mean ± SD)	Patients/Healthy
MMP2 (ng/ml)	169.3 ± 15.39	193.6 ± 48.49	0.03
MMP9 (ng/ml)	351 ± 30.29	464.3 ± 75.69	*
TIMP1 (ng/ml)	153.8 ± 32.63	106.7 ± 4.3	*
TIMP1/MMP2	0.91 ± 0.21	0.57 ± 0.1	*
TIMP1/MMP9	0.43 ± 0.089	0.23 ± 0.049	*
TNFa (ng/ml)	0.51 ± 0.29	17.06 ± 5.97	*
TGFβ1 (ng/ml)	0.136 ± 0.028	0.44 ± 0.12	*
Ten C (ng/ml)	48.24 ± 21.8	71.57 ± 25.7	0.0005
IL2 (ng/ml)	0.76 ± 0.2	1.57 ± 0.28	*
Fet A (ng/ml)	79.5 ± 7.68	48.05 ± 9	*
SOST (ng/ml)	0.6 ± 0.0.26	2.59 ± 0.79	*
OPN (ng/ml)	24.92 ± 3.5	58.53 ± 6.97	*
OPG (ng/ml)	6.71 ± 2.06	31.04 ± 13.67	*
RL2 (ng/ml)	0.5 ± 0.08	0.02 ± 0.005	*
MCP-1 (ng/ml)	0.015 ± 0.003	0.45 ± 0.21	*
MDA (ng/ml)	0.078 ± 0.008	2.076 ± 0.39	*