Fig. 4.

a The effect of cytokine recombinants on THP-1 stiffness. Entry times (ETs) measured after 1-h incubation of THP-1 cells with interleukin (IL)-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 at 1000 pg/ml, 20 pg/ml, 10 pg/ml, and 200 pg/ml, respectively, without (gray bars) or with (open bars) 1 μg/ml anti-IL-8, anti-TNF-α, anti-IL-1β, and anti-IL-10 antibodies (Ab), respectively. The black bar represents control cells without cytokines and Ab. b The effect of serum of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with blocking Ab of IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1. ETs measured after 1-h incubation of THP-1 cells with the serum of patients with ARDS, without (gray bars) and with (open bars) 1 μg/ml of anti-IL-8, anti-TNF-α, anti-IL-1β, and anti-IL-10 Ab. The black bar corresponds to control cells without patient serum and Ab. The number of tested cells per incubation condition was 50. Values are the mean (top of box) ± standard deviation (whiskers). **p < 0.0025; ***p < 0.0001 (Student’s t test)