TABLE 2.
Fermentation parameters in different mixed-culture fermentationsa
| Culture | Fermentation time (day) | Maximum biomass (108 CFU/kg) | Maximum ethanol concn (g/kg) | Consumed reducing sugar (g/kg) | Consumed sugar (10−8 g/cell) | Ethanol per reducing sugar (g/g) | Ethanol (10−8 g/cell) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. cerevisiae | 16 | 3.05 ± 0.42 B | 18.58 ± 1.21 H | 41.2 ± 1.8 C | 13.29 | 0.45 | 5.99 |
| W. anomalus | 18 | 4.27 ± 0.64 B | 6.13 ± 0.70 D | 41.0 ± 2.1 C | 9.53 | 0.15 | 1.43 |
| I. orientalis | 20 | 6.77 ± 0.79 C | 1.78 ± 0.21 A | 36.2 ± 1.4 A | 5.32 | 0.05 | 0.26 |
| S. uvarum | 20 | 3.77 ± 0.64 B | 16.29 ± 1.02 G | 35.9 ± 1.6 A | 9.45 | 0.45 | 4.29 |
| S. servazzii | 20 | 0.88 ± 0.22 A | 5.90 ± 0.42 C | 39.1 ± 1.2 B | 43.44 | 0.15 | 6.56 |
| W. anomalus-I. orientalis | 20 | 6.60 ± 0.72 C | 4.12 ± 0.36 B | 38.6 ± 2.0 B | 5.85 | 0.11 | 0.62 |
| S. cerevisiae-W. anomalus | 14 | 3.39 ± 0.53 B | 11.03 ± 0.96 F | 42.1 ± 1.7 C | 12.42 | 0.26 | 3.25 |
| S. cerevisiae-I. orientalis | 20 | 8.96 ± 0.64 D | 11.86 ± 0.72 F | 36.0 ± 1.0 A | 4.02 | 0.33 | 1.32 |
| S. cerevisiae-W. anomalus-I. orientalis | 14 | 10.30 ± 0.42 E | 7.89 ± 0.61 E | 41.8 ± 2.2 C | 4.06 | 0.19 | 0.77 |
| S. cerevisiae-W. anomalus-I. orientalis-S. uvarum | 14 | 2.21 ± 0.39 B | 6.80 ± 0.73 D | 41.0 ± 1.2 C | 18.55 | 0.17 | 3.08 |
| S. cerevisiae-W. anomalus-I. orientalis-S. servazzii | 14 | 9.78 ± 0.60 E | 9.63 ± 0.88 E | 41.3 ± 1.6 C | 4.22 | 0.23 | 0.98 |
| S. cerevisiae-W. anomalus-I. orientalis-S. uvarum-S. servazzii | 14 | 16.08 ± 0.69 F | 15.36 ± 1.21 G | 41.2 ± 1.7 C | 2.56 | 0.37 | 0.96 |
a
n = 3. Values followed by different letters are significantly different for different cultures at a P of <0.05.