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Schematic diagram of initiation mechanisms of viral polymerases. (a) Primer-dependent initiation. The primers can be an oligonucleotide, a snatched cap from host mRNA, a terminal protein, or the 3′-terminus of the template strand that folds back onto itself. (b) De novo initiation. The 3′-hydroxyl group of the initiation NTP attacks the α-phosphate of the incoming NTP
