Table 4.

Transitional models for heavy episodic drinking, including the full model and the submodels for work, residence, and school status

	Heavy episodic drinking as the outcome
Variable	Full model OR [95% CI]	Submodel 1a OR [95% CI]	Submodel 2a OR [95% CI]	Submodel 3a OR [95% CI]
Gender
Male (ref.)
Female	0.76 [0.61, 0.94]**	0.78 [0.63, 0.96]*	0.76 [0.62, 0.94]**	0.77 [0.63, 0.96]**
Race/ethnicity
White (ref.)
African American	0.58 [0.42, 0.81]***	0.58 [0.42, 0.81]***	0.57 [0.41, 0.80]***	0.58 [0.41, 0.82]**
Hispanic	0.79 [0.62, 1.00]	0.76 [0.60, 0.96]**	0.78 [0.61, 0.99]*	0.77 [0.61, 0.98]*
Other	0.71 [0.31, 1.65]	0.69 [0.30, 1.58]	0.71 [0.31, 1.63]	0.69 [0.30, 1.60]
Family structure
Both biological parents (ref.)
Biological and stepparent	0.96 [0.71, 1.30]	0.96 [0.71, 1.30]	0.96 [0.71, 1.30]	0.97 [0.72, 1.30]
Single parent	0.92 [0.69, 1.23]	0.92 [0.69, 1.22]	0.92 [0.69, 1.22]	0.92 [0.69, 1.22]
Other	1.14 [0.81, 1.61]	1.12 [0.78, 1.60]	1.13 [0.79, 1.61]	1.14 [0.81, 1.61]
Parental education
High school or less (ref.)
Some college	0.97 [0.77, 1.23]	0.99 [0.79, 1.23]	0.98 [0.78, 1.23]	0.98 [0.77, 1.23]
Bachelor’s degree or higher	1.06 [0.81, 1.39]	1.15 [0.90, 1.48]	1.07 [0.82, 1.39]	1.09 [0.83, 1.43]
Alcohol use in previous wave
No (ref.)
Yes	6.10 [4.75, 7.82]***	6.04 [4.71, 7.74]***	6.06 [4.73, 7.78]***	6.09 [4.77, 7.76]**
Wave
2 (ref.)
3	1.41 [1.02, 1.93]*	1.40 [1.02, 1.93]	1.41 [1.02, 1.93]*	1.41 [1.02, 1.93]*
4	1.65 [0.95, 2.88]	2.48 [1.71, 3.60]	1.82 [1.37, 2.42]***	3.60 [2.67, 4.87]***
Depressive symptoms, previous	1.09 [0.96, 1.23]	1.08 [0.96, 1.20]	1.08 [0.96, 1.23]	1.08 [0.96, 1.22]
Parental knowledge, previous	0.88 [0.69, 1.12]	0.88 [0.69, 1.13]	0.88 [0.68, 1.12]	0.88 [0.69, 1.13]
Parental expectations, previous	0.90 [0.86, 0.95]***	0.91 [0.86, 0.96]***	0.90 [0.86, 0.95]***	0.90 [0.86, 0.95]***
5 friends’ drinking, previous
Never (ref.)
Almost never/sometimes	1.90 [1.49, 2.44]***	1.95 [1.54, 2.48]***	1.92 [1.52, 2.44]***	1.93 [1.52, 2.46]***
Often/always	3.51 [2.48, 4.97]***	3.56 [2.52, 5.05]***	3.50 [2.47, 4.94]***	3.53 [2.49, 5.00]***
Working status at Wave 4
Not working (ref.)
20 hours or less	1.41 [0.80, 2.49]	1.30 [0.75, 2.24]	–	–
21–30 hours	1.03 [0.61, 1.76]	0.73 [0.45, 1.19]	–	–
>30 hours	1.56 [0.88, 2.77]	1.07 [0.61, 1.88]	–	–
Residential status at Wave 4
Home (ref.)
On campus	2.80 [1.65, 4.74]***	–	2.76 [1.87, 4.09]***	–
Own place	1.24 [0.83, 1.85]	–	1.27 [0.84, 1.91]	–
School status at Wave 4
College/university (ref.)
Technical school/community college	0.91 [0.56, 1.49]	–	–	0.51 [0.36, 0.73]***
Not attending	0.92 [0.50, 1.69]	–	–	0.55 [0.33, 0.92]*

Notes: Ref. = referent.

^aEach submodel includes only one environmental variable, without inclusion or adjustment for the other environmental variables.

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01;

^***p < .001.