Figure 5: Summary of the Different Aetiologies Surrounding Sinus Node Dysfunction, Illustrating That Diverse Pathophysiology Can Lead to the Same Phenotype.

Examples of the types of ion channel remodelling seen in each case are shown. Further to our discussion, sinus node dysfunction is also seen in heart failure and diabetes. Atrial tachyarrhythmias include atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Adapted from Monfredi et al.⁸⁶ Reproduced with permission from Wiley Periodicals, Inc.