Fig. S7.

Stochastic microbial niche of VSL#3 microbial cells on the microengineered villi. (A) A DIC micrograph visualizing the long-term coculture of VSL#3 on the intestinal villi on-chip, here shown 8 d after seeding of the VSL#3 cells. Red dotted circles indicate the location of the microbial niches. Two representative DIC images at lower (B) and higher (C) Z-positions showing the presence of live bacterial microcolonies (yellow dotted circles) at different locations along the crypt-villus axis. (Scale bar, 50 µm.)