. 2015 Dec 22;113(1):140–145. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1517685113

Table S1.

Reclassified crop categories and noncrop categories of NASS–CDL

No.	Reclassified categories	Original categories in CDL
Crop categories
1	Alfalfa	Alfalfa
2	Corn	Corn, Pop or Orn Corn, Sweet Corn, Sorghum
3	Bean	Soybeans^L, Dry Beans^L, Peanut^L, Vetch
4	Berries	Blueberries^G, Caneberries^G, Cranberries^G
5	Strawberries	Strawberries^M
6	Citrus	Citrus^L, Oranges^L
7	Cotton	Cotton^L
8	Cucurbits	Gourds^E, Pumpkins^E, Squash^E
9	Grain	Barley, Durum Wheat, Hops, Lentils, Millet, Oats, Other Small Grains, Rice, Rye, Speltz, Spring Wheat, Triticale, Winter Wheat, Sugarcane
10	Buckwheat	Buckwheat^G
11	Grass	Pasture/Grass, Sod/Grass Seed, Switchgrass
12	Grapes	Grapes
13	Herbs	Herbs, Mint
14	Melons	Cantaloupes^E, Honeydew Melons^E, Dbl Crop Lettuce/Cantaloupe^M, Cucumbers^G
15	Watermelons	Watermelons^E
16	Oilseed	Camelina^L, Canola^L, Flaxseed^L, Mustard, Rape Seed^L
17	Flowers	Safflower^L, Sunflower^M
18	Wildflowers	Clover/Wildflowers
19	Orchard	Almonds^G, Apples^G, Apricots^G, Cherries^G, Nectarines^G, Peaches^G, Pears^G, Plums^G, Pomegranates^M, Prunes^G
20	Root Vegetables	Carrots, Garlic, Onions, Turnips^G, Sugarbeets, Radishes
21	Solanums	Eggplants^M, Peppers, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes, Tomatoes^L
22	Vegetables	Cabbage, Cauliflower, Celery, Greens, Lettuce, Broccoli, Chick Peas, Peas^L
23	Tobacco	Tobacco
24	Other Crops	Other Crops^*
25	Vegetables and Fruits	Miscellaneous Vegetables and Fruits^†^L
26	Nuts	Pistachios, Walnuts, Pecans
27	Asparagus	Asparagus
28	Olives	Olives
29	Tree Crops	Other Tree Crops^‡
30	Christmas Trees	Christmas Trees
31	Idle Cropland	Fallow/Idle Cropland
32	Double (Dbl) Crop	Dbl Crop Barley/Corn, Dbl Crop Barley/Sorghum, Dbl Crop Barley/Soybeans^M, Dbl Crop Corn/Soybeans^M, Dbl Crop Durum Wheat/Sorghum, Dbl Crop Lettuce/Barley, Dbl Crop Lettuce/Cotton, Dbl Crop Lettuce/Durum Wheat, Dbl Crop Oats/Corn, Dbl Crop Soybeans/Cotton^M, Dbl Crop Soybeans/Oats^M, Dbl Crop Winter Wheat/Corn, Dbl Crop, Winter Wheat/Cotton, Dbl Crop Winter Wheat/Sorghum, Dbl Crop Winter Wheat/Soybeans
Noncrop categories		CDL detailed categories description^§
33	Developed/Open Space	Developed/Open Space: Areas with a mixture of some constructed materials, but mostly vegetation in the form of lawn grasses. Impervious surfaces account for less than 20% of total cover. These areas most commonly include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses, and vegetation planted in developed settings for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes.
34	Developed/Low Intensity	Developed/Low Intensity: Areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 20–49% of total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units.
35	Developed/Med Intensity	Developed/Med Intensity: Areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 50–79% of the total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units.
36	Developed/High Intensity	Developed/High Intensity: Highly developed areas where people reside or work in high numbers. Examples include apartment complexes, row houses, and commercial/industrial. Impervious surfaces account for 80–100% of the total cover.
37	Barren	Barren: Areas of bedrock, desert pavement, scarps, talus, slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand dunes, strip mines, gravel pits and other accumulations of earthen material. Generally, vegetation accounts for less than 15% of total cover.
38	Deciduous Forest	Deciduous Forest: Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 m tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75% of the tree species shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change
39	Evergreen Forest	Evergreen Forest: Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 m tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75% of the tree species maintain their leaves all year. Canopy is never without green foliage.
40	Mixed Forest	Mixed Forest: Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 m tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. Neither deciduous nor evergreen species are greater than 75% of total tree cover.
41	Shrubland	Shrubland: Areas dominated by shrubs less than 5 m tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions.
42	Grass/Pasture^¶	Grassland/Herbaceous: Areas dominated by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation, generally greater than 80% of total vegetation. These areas are not subject to intensive management such as tilling but can be used for grazing.
		Pasture/Hay: Areas of grasses, legumes, or grass–legume mixtures planted for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops, typically on a perennial cycle. Pasture/hay vegetation accounts for greater than 20% of total vegetation.
		Other Hay/Non Alfalfa: Mixed forage (Grass Mix below 25% Alfalfa, two or more Interseeded Coarse Grains, two or more Interseeded Grass Mix, two or more Interseeded Small Grains, two or more Legumes Interseeded), Grass/Small Grain Interseeding, Hay Oats and Peas, Legume/Coarse Grain, Legume/Grass Mixture, Legume/Small Grain, Legume/Small Grain/Grass, or Native Grass Interseeded.
43	Woody Wetlands	Woody Wetlands: Areas where forest or shrubland vegetation accounts for greater than 20% of vegetative cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water.
44	Herbaceous Wetlands	Herbaceous Wetlands: Areas where perennial herbaceous vegetation accounts for greater than 80% of vegetative cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water.
45	Open Water	Open Water: Lakes and ponds

Four levels of pollination demand are indicated by L (little = 0.05), M (modest = 0.25), G (great = 0.65), and E (essential = 0.95), which values follow pollinator dependency rates reported by Klein et al. (49). Note: pollinator-dependent crops for seed production such as alfalfa, onion, and asparagus were ignored in this study. Crop categories with bold font indicate that the pollinator dependency rate was modified from Klein et al. (49) to be more conservative for soybean, cotton, and canola/rape seed crops in the United States.

*^,†,‡These crop categories have multi minor crops that are already clumped by NASS. Some crops may repeat in other categories. For example, there is “Pears” category in CDL but “Other Tree Crops” category also includes Pears. However, “Other Tree Crops” include many other tree crops, so that the Pears in “Other Tree Crops” is a minor crop. See the following detailed description.

Sorghum, Forage, Bamboo Shoots, Buckwheat, Guar, Ginger, Tea, Tannier, Lespedeza, Mushrooms, Indigo, Kenaf, Jojoba, Guayule, Carob, Jerusalem Artichokes/Sunchoke, Salsify (“Oyster Plant”), Taro, Rice (Wild), Yu Cha (“Tea Tree Oil”-oilseed plant), Crambe (Colewort), Psyllium, Quinoa, Meadowfoam, Lesquerella, Hesperaloe/Agave, Chia, Nursery, Teff, Kochia (Prostrata), Milkweed, Niger Seed, Cactus, Flowers (Horticulture), Sunn Hemp, Aloe Vera, or Canary Seed.

^{^†}

Elderberries, Avocados, Brussel Sprouts, Cucumbers, Pohole, Aronia (Chokeberry), Cassava, Pineapple, Okra, Currants, Rhubarb, Mulberries, Kohlrabi, Leeks, Gooseberries, Artichokes, Tangos, Dates, Shallots, Water Cress, Huckleberries, Sprite Melon, Broccoflower, Gailon/Gai Lein/Chinese Broccoli, Antidesma, Jujube, Pejibaye (Heart of Palm), Tomatillos, Scallions, Melongene, Israel Melons, Calaloo, Mayhaw Berries, Korean Golden Melon, Crenshaw Melon, Citron Melon, Chinese Bitter Melon, Casaba Melon, Canary Melon, or Calabaza Melon.

^{^‡}

Other Tree Crops: Maple Sap, Coconuts, Chestnuts, Hazel Nuts, Macadamia Nuts, Ti, Cashew, Figs, Pears, Acerola (Barbados Cherry), Bananas, Coffee, Papaya, Plantain, Kiwifruit, Mangos, Persimmons, Plumcots, Quinces, Kumquats, Guava, Loquats, Passion Fruits, Atemoya (Custard Apple), Sapote, Carambola (Star Fruit), Caimito, Guanabana/Soursop, Breadfruit, Genip, Guavaberry, Jack Fruit, Rambutan, Mangosteen, Wampee, Longan, Lychee, Sapodilla, Cherimoya (Sugar Apple), or Canistel.

^{^§}

Detailed categories description referred to National Land Cover Database (www.mrlc.gov/nlcd06_leg.php).

^{^¶}

According to NASS, Grassland/Pasture category collapses the following historical CDL categories, Grassland Herbaceous (code 171) and Pasture/Hay (code 181). In this study we also collapsed Other Hay/Non Alfalfa because it represents pasture areas although it is originally belonged to crop categories in CDL. However, we asked experts in all of the three categories and then averaged it for Grass/Pasture category.