Table 1. Blood parameters, anthropometric, demographic and reproductive characteristics of the study group.
| All women | Low gravidity | High gravidity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Age | 65.5 | 8.89 | 64.8 | 7.8 | 66.0 | 9.58 |
| Age at menopause (years) | 50.7 | 4.51 | 49.1 | 5.52 | 51.5 | 3.53 |
| Height (cm) | 155.7 | 6.36 | 156.3 | 5.85 | 155.3 | 6.70 |
| Weight (kg) | 75.9 | 14.91 | 73.5 | 15.51 | 77.6 | 14.39 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.2 | 5.41 | 30.0 | 6.02 | 33.2 | 10.12 |
| Abdominal fat% | 10.8 | 2.96 | 10.2 | 3.23 | 11.2 | 2.72 |
| HCT (%) | 41.4 | 2.12 | 41.4 | 2.01 | 41.3 | 2.20 |
| Hgb (g/dL) | 14.1 | 0.86 | 14.1 | 0.86 | 14.1 | 0.87 |
| RBC (mln/μL) | 4.6 | 0.29 | 4.6 | 0.31 | 4.6 | 0.28 |
| ESR | 42.1 | 18.92 | 40.7 | 19.65 | 43.1 | 18.52 |
| WBC (tys/μL) | 2.0 | 0.55 | 2.0 | 0.51 | 1.9 | 0.58 |
| GLU (mmol/L) | 6.0 | 2.10 | 5.8 | 2.59 | 6.1 | 1.71 |
| HDL (mmol/L)* | 1.4 | 0.35 | 1.5 | 0.44 | 1.3 | 0.27 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.6 | 1.04 | 3.7 | 0.95 | 3.5 | 01.10 |
| CRP | 3.9 | 13.80 | 2.3 | 2.51 | 2.67 | 2.71 |
| Education (years) | 8.9 | 3.03 | 9.5 | 3.13 | 8.5 | 2.90 |
| Past house work (years) | 39.7 | 16.76 | 37.4 | 18.05 | 43.6 | 13.96 |
| Past farm work (years) | 41.8 | 13.27 | 41.4 | 12.19 | 42.5 | 13.84 |
| Past other work (years) | 19.7 | 12.00 | 19.6 | 11.63 | 18.9 | 12.47 |
| Lifetime pregnancy period (months)** | 39.4 | 16.72 | 21.4 | 6.31 | 48.7 | 12.65 |
| Lifetime lactation period (months)** | 29.4 | 24.12 | 13.3 | 10.68 | 40.6 | 27.94 |
| Lifetime reproductive period (years)** | 10.4 | 5.60 | 6.1 | 3.69 | 12.9 | 5.01 |
| Lifetime energy cost of reproduction (MJ)** | 3688.8 | 2479.47 | 1753.8 | 855.00 | 3884.9 | 1897.09 |
Energetic costs of reproduction were estimated based on published values of energetic expenses of pregnancy and lactation [6]. Significant differences between gravidity groups asterisked
*p<0.05
**p<0.001.