Table 2.
Number (%) of trials reporting outcome domains and measurement instruments
| Outcome domains and measurement instruments | Number (%) of trials, n = 171 |
|---|---|
| Pain | 148 (87) |
| Total number of measurement instruments = 35 | |
| Overall pain (VAS) | 69 (40) |
| Pain on movement (VAS) | 38 (22) |
| Night pain (VAS) | 32 (19) |
| Rest pain (VAS) | 32 (19) |
| Shoulder Pain And Disability Index pain subscale [40] | 30 (18) |
| Analgesic use recording form | 12 (7) |
| Pressure pain threshold (algometry) | 8 (5) |
| Day pain (VAS) | 7 (4) |
| Overall pain (dichotomous measure) | 7 (4) |
| Overall pain (NRS) | 7 (4) |
| Constant–Murley pain subscale [41] | 6 (4) |
| Other (instrument reported in ≤3% of trials) | 45 (28) |
| Function/disability | 123 (72) |
| Total number of measurement instruments = 29 | |
| Constant–Murley score [41] | 37 (22) |
| Shoulder Pain And Disability Index total scale [40] | 32 (19) |
| Shoulder Pain And Disability Index disability subscale [40] | 14 (8) |
| Dutch Shoulder Disability Questionnaire [42] | 13 (8) |
| Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [43] | 13 (8) |
| Function (VAS) | 7 (4) |
| University of California-Los Angeles end-result score [44] | 7 (4) |
| Function (categorical rating scale) | 6 (4) |
| UK Shoulder Disability Questionnaire [45] | 6 (4) |
| Other (instrument reported in ≤3% of trials) | 34 (20) |
| Adverse events | 47 (27) |
| Total number of measurement instruments = 1 | |
| Patient-rated adverse event recording form | 47 (27) |
| Global assessment of treatment success | 41 (24) |
| Total number of measurement instruments = 4 | |
| Patient-rated Likert scale | 41 (24) |
| Clinician-rated Likert scale | 9 (5) |
| Patient Global Impression of Change scale [46] | 1 (1) |
| Patient Acceptable Symptom State | 1 (1) |
| Range of movement | 114 (67) |
| Total number of measurement instruments = 2 | |
| Active range of movement via goniometer or tape measure (any movement, eg, abduction, flexion) | 66 (39) |
| Passive range of movement via goniometer or tape measure (any movement, eg, abduction, flexion) | 37 (22) |
| Range of movement via goniometer or tape measure (any movement, eg, abduction, flexion; unclear if active or passive) | 37 (22) |
| Strength | 31 (18) |
| Total number of measurement instruments = 6 | |
| Isometric strength via dynamometer (any movement) | 13 (8) |
| Isokinetic strength via dynamometer (any movement) | 4 (2) |
| Other | 17 (10) |
| Health-related quality of life | 30 (18) |
| Total number of measurement instruments = 8 | |
| Short-Form 36 Health Survey subscales (eg, (social functioning, vitality, general health) [47] | 17 (10) |
| EuroQoL EQ-5D [48] | 6 (4) |
| Other (instrument reported in ≤3% of trials) | 10 (6) |
| Work disability | 7 (4) |
| Total number of measurement instruments = 3 | |
| Sick leave (days) | 4 (2) |
| Return to work (days) | 2 (1) |
| Occupational stress indicator [49] | 1 (1) |
| Referral for surgery | 4 (2) |
| Total number of measurement instruments = 1 | |
| Self-reported or patient file review | 4 (2) |
| Other | 43 (25) |
| Total number of measurement instruments = 47 | |
| Cost | 7 (4) |
| Beck depression inventory (depression) [50] | 6 (4) |
| Othera (instrument reported in ≤3% of trials) | 30 (18) |
Abbreviations: VAS, visual analog scale (0–10 or 0–100); NRS, numerical rating scale (0–10 or 0–100).
a
Other measures further subclassified as presence of calcific deposits (measured using radiology), cost/health care use, physical examination maneuvers for rotator cuff disease (eg, Hawkins–Kennedy impingement test), morphologic features of the supraspinatus muscle (measured using radiography), muscle/tendon sensitivity, posture, proprioception, psychological symptoms (eg, depression), scapular dysfunction, severity of main complaint, shoulder stability, stiffness, supraspinatus tendon thickness (measured using ultrasound), swelling, weakness on movement.