Figure 10. . Selecting anti-red blood cell antibodies from phage display libraries.

(A) Red cell-specific phage can be isolated by panning on intact cells. To obtain phage antibodies to common red cell determinants, sequential rounds of panning each with a different donor source of red cells can be performed. (B) Colorized transmission electron micrograph of anti-red cell Rh-expressing phage particles (white filaments) bound to the surface of a human Rh-positive red cell. Binding occurs at the tips of the phage particles where the scFv/pIII fusion protein is located. Original magnification × 44,000. Bar, 0.2 µm.

Adapted with permission from [292].