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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 28.
Published in final edited form as: Nanoscale. 2015 Oct 28;7(40):16571–16577. doi: 10.1039/c5nr03411f

Figure 1. Schematic diagram depicting the generation and application of polymer-UCNP hybrid scaffolds for optogenetic neuronal activation.

Figure 1

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were embedded within polymeric films to form biocompatible hybrid scaffolds for neuronal culture. The UCNPs served as internally excitable light sources that convert NIR light into blue light, thus facilitating optogenetic activation of channelrhodopsin (ChR)-expressing neurons.