Table 1.

Demographics and clinical characteristics of the sample

Characteristic	Deaf Group (n = 132)	Hearing Group (n = 67)	T-test pvalue
Age at 48 months post-implantation (months) (SD)	73.68 (14.54)	74.54 (12.48)	.40
Age of onset (months) (SD)	1.78 (4.79)	--
Age at diagnosis (months) (SD)	9.31 (9.30)	--
Length of hearing aid use before implant(months) (SD)	11.90 (9.27)	--
Onset of hearing loss % (n)
Sudden	3.79% (5)	--
Progressive	33.33% (44)	--
Congenital	56.07% (74)	--
Missing/Unknown	6.81% (9)	--
Pure tone average in better ear (SD)	103.78 (18.24)	--
Age at activation (months) (SD)	28.39 (14.44)	--
Communication mode at 72 months % (n)
Sign language	4.54% (6)	--
Simultaneous/equal emphasis	3.03% (4)	--
Oral Language	74.24% (98)	--
Missing/Unknown	18.19% (24)	--
Composite IQ at baseline (SD)	96.54 (24.62)	105.55 (19.94)	>.01**
Language Scaled Score at 48 months (SD)	77.38 (22.30)	117.02 (18.18)	>.01**
Gender % (n)			.43
Male	45.45% (60)	40.30% (27)
Female	54.55% (72)	59.70% (40)
Race % (n)			.06
White	74.24% (98)	85.07% (57)
African American	6.82% (9)	7.46% (5)
Asian	5.30% (7)	0.00% (0)
Other	6.82% (9)	5.97% (4)
Not reported	6.82% (9)	1.50% (1)
Ethnicity% (n)			.22
Hispanic	19.70% (26)	11.95% (8)
Non-Hispanic	80.30% (106)	88.05% (59)
Maternal Education % (n)			>.01**
< High school	4.54% (6)	1.50% (1)
High school graduate	13.64% (18)	2.98% (2)
College	81.82% (108)	95.52% (64)
Parents’ Income% (n)			>.01**
< $15,000	6.07% (8)	2.99% (2)
$15 – 29,999	10.60% (14)	1.49% (1)
$30 – 49,999	19.70% (26)	2.99% (2)
$50 – 74,999	18.18% (24)	17.92% (12)
$75 – 100,000	13.63% (18)	13.43% (9)
$100,000 +	15.91% (21)	50.74% (34)
Declined/don’t know	15.91% (21)	10.44% (7)

^*p <.05,

^**p<.01;