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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 Nov 18;39(12):2345–2353. doi: 10.1111/acer.12896

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Rhamnetin is anti-inflammatory but not neuroprotective under control conditions. Slices were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in the absence (white bars) or presence (grey bars) of rhamnetin (25uM and 100uM). Culture media was collected after 24h and assayed for TNF-alpha (A) and NO (B) content following PI uptake measurement (C). For (A) and (B) * p<0.001 compared to LPS alone, n/d not detected. Data are expressed as percent release induced by LPS alone (means ± SEM). n > 12 media samples from 2 independent experiments for each treatment group. For (C) * p<0.05 compared to NMDA alone, n/s no significant difference with equivalent treatment group (LPS, NMDA, NMDA+LPS) in the absence of rhamnetin. Data are expressed as percent of untreated control (means ± SEM). Dotted line represents untreated control. n > 27 hippocampal slices from 2 independent experiments for each treatment group.