Table 1.
Animal studies for sex differences in effects of exercise on drug addiction (single-sex)
|
Prevention effect
| ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise schedule |
||||||||||
| Citation | Subjects | Sex | Age /Weight | Drug | Model | Type | Duration | Frequency | Intensity | Outcome of exercise |
| Lett et al. (2002) | Rats | M | 184g | Morphine | CPP | VR | 8 days | 2-h/day, 1times/day | --- | Advantage |
| Eisenstein et al. (2007) | Rats | M | 250-275g | Morphine | CPP | VR | 3 weeks | 24-h/day | --- | Disadvantage |
| Xu et al. (2007) | Mice | M | 3 weeks | Morphine | CPP | VR | 2 months | 24-h/day | --- | Advantage |
| Chen et al. (2008) | Mice | M | 8 weeks | MDMA | CPP | FR | 4/8/12weeks | 1-h/day,5days/wk | 10~12m/min | Advantage |
| Hosseini et al. (2009) | Rats | M | 250-300g | Morphine | SA | FR | 11 or 30 days | 90 min/day, 1times/day | 15m/min | Advantage |
| EI Rawas et al. (2009) | Mice | M | 3 weeks | Heroin | CPP | VR | 2 months | 24-h/day, 1times/day | --- | Advantage |
| Solinas et al. (2009) | Mice | M | 3 weeks | Cocaine | CPP | VR | 2~3 months | 24-h/day | --- | Advantage |
| Fontes-Ribeiro et al. (2011) | Rats | M | 8 weeks | Amphetamine | CPP | FR | 8 weeks | 50min/day,5days/wk | 7~32 m/min | Advantage |
| Miladi-Gorji et al. (2011) | Rats | M | Adult | Morphine | * | VR | 10 days | 24-h/day | --- | Advantage |
| Smith and Pitts (2011) | Rats | M | 3 weeks | Cocaine | SA | VR | 6 weeks | 24-h/day | 4500m/day | Advantage |
| Mustroph et al. (2011) | Mice | M | 5 weeks | Cocaine | CPP | VR | 30 days | 24-h/day | 8300m/day | Advantage or Disadvantage |
| O'Dell et al. (2012) | Rats | M | Adult | METH | ** | VR | 6 weeks | 24-h/day | 8000m/day | Advantage |
| Smith and Pitts (2012) | Rats | M | 3 weeks | Heroin | SA | VR | 6 weeks | 24-h/day | 4500m/day | Advantage |
| McCulley et al. (2012) | Rats | M | 6 weeks | Alcohol | # | VR | 10 days | 24-h/day | --- | Advantage |
| Miller et al. (2012) | Rats | M | 200-250g | METH | SA | VR | 7~14days | 1-h/day, 1times/day | --- | Advantage or no effect |
| Hashemi et al. (2013) | Rats | M | 220-250g | Alcohol | &&& | FR | 2~8 weeks | 1-h/day,5days/wk | 17 m/min | Advantage |
| Renteria et al. (2013) | Rats | M | 200-250g | Cocaine | * | VR | 5~10 weeks | 24-h/day | --- | Advantage |
| Engelmann et al. (2014) | Rats | M | 200-250g | METH | SA | VR | 6 weeks | 24-h/day | --- | Advantage or Disadvantage |
| Geuzaine et al. (2014) | Mice | M | 4 weeks | Cocaine | CPP | VR | 10 weeks | 24-h/day | --- | Advantage |
| Smith et al. (2008) | Rats | F | 3 weeks | Cocaine | SA | VR | 6 weeks | 24-h/day | 10120 m/day | Advantage |
| Smith et al. (2008) | Rats | F | 3 weeks | Cocaine | CPP | VR | 6 weeks | 24-h/day | 9418 m/day | Disadvantage |
| Leasure et al. (2010) | Rats | F | 190-220g | Alcohol | & | VR | 14 days | 12-h/day, 1times/day | --- | Advantage |
| Smith and Witte (2012) | Rats | F | 3 weeks | Cocaine | SA | VR | 6 weeks | 24-h/day | 7700 m/day | Advantage or no effect |
| Zlebnik et al. (2014) | Rats | F | 90 days | Cocaine | * | VR | 21 days | 24-h/day | --- | Advantage |