Table 5.
Criterion validity of the Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire in ethnic groups
| Depressed/anxious | Suicide ideation | Social problems | Prosocial behavior | Alcohol/drug use | SUD | CD | Aggressive CD | YPI total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch | |||||||||
| Total | .32** | .06 | .30* | −.24* | .52** | 1.14** | 1.21** | 1.16** | .60** |
| RA (zero-order) | .30** | .10 | .25* | −.19 | .40** | 1.17** | 1.25** | 1.18* | .50** |
| RA (adjusted) | .20** | .20 | .07 | −.06 | .07 | 1.02 | .92 | .84 | .19 |
| PA (zero-order) | .27** | −.05 | .31* | −.25* | .56** | 1.44** | 1.66** | 1.47** | .60** |
| PA (adjusted) | .13 | −.12 | .26 | −.21 | .51** | 1.40* | 1.80** | 1.75** | .48** |
| Moroccan | |||||||||
| Total | .38* | .17 | .34** | −.29** | .42** | 1.19** | 1.36** | 1.35** | .70** |
| RA (zero-order) | .44* | .21* | .37** | −.20* | .35** | 1.24** | 1.31* | 1.32* | .61** |
| RA (adjusted) | .51** | .28* | .38** | .05 | .15 | 1.11 | 1.08 | 1.14 | .33** |
| PA (zero-order) | .19* | .06 | .19 | −.38** | .42** | 1.44** | 2.16** | 1.82** | .66** |
| PA (adjusted) | −.19 | −.11 | −.01 | −.41** | .33** | 1.32* | 2.05** | 1.71** | .46** |
| Antillean/Surin. | |||||||||
| Total | .39** | .33** | .36** | −.19 | .46** | 1.14** | 1.21** | 1.16** | .62** |
| RA (zero-order) | .41** | .34** | .36** | −.10 | .42** | 1.17* | 1.25** | 1.18* | .50** |
| RA (adjusted) | .37** | .31* | .29 | .13 | .24 | 1.02 | .92 | .10 | .19 |
| PA (zero-order) | .29** | .25* | .31* | −.27** | .43** | 1.44** | 1.66** | 1.47** | .64** |
| PA (adjusted) | .05 | .05 | .09 | −.36** | .29* | 1.40* | 1.80** | 1.75** | .53** |
| Mixed ethnicity | |||||||||
| Total | .23** | .21* | .39** | −.24** | .45** | 1.16** | 1.13* | 1.13* | .76** |
| RA (zero-order) | .21* | .17* | .40** | −.18 | .40** | 1.26** | 1.23* | 1.23* | .70** |
| RA (adjusted) | .15 | .10 | .36* | −.10 | .22* | 1.20* | 1.17 | 1.16 | .47** |
| PA (zero-order) | .19* | .21* | .29* | −.21* | .42** | 1.27** | 1.22* | 1.23* | .66** |
| PA (adjusted) | .10 | .17 | .06 | −.10 | .28** | 1.10 | 1.10* | 1.11 | .38** |
| YPI ID | YPI AD | YPI BD | Violent offenses | Theft | Vandalism | Threats/insults | Drug offenses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch | ||||||||
| Total | .47** | .38** | .58** | .63** | .64** | .62** | .59** | .48** |
| RA (zero-order) | .38** | .28** | .54** | .52** | .49** | .48** | .42** | .37** |
| RA (adjusted) | .09 | −.13 | .35** | .10 | −.03 | −.01 | −.13 | −.03 |
| PA (zero-order) | .50** | .43** | .52** | .66** | .71** | .68** | .69** | .54** |
| PA (adjusted) | .43** | .44** | .29* | .60** | .73** | .69** | .79** | .56** |
| Moroccan | ||||||||
| Total | .53** | .51** | .71** | .39** | .53** | .48** | .62** | .44** |
| RA (zero-order) | .44** | .42** | .66** | .28* | .38** | .32** | .45** | .34** |
| RA (adjusted) | .17 | .17 | .48** | .07 | .09 | .00 | .07 | .10 |
| PA (zero-order) | .55** | .52** | .60** | .46** | .61** | .60** | .72** | .49** |
| PA (adjusted) | .45** | .42** | .31** | .42** | .56** | .60** | .68** | .44** |
| Antillean/Surin. | ||||||||
| Total | .47** | .44** | .61** | .65** | .49** | .54** | .58** | .46** |
| RA (zero-order) | .36** | .32** | .54** | .52** | .41** | .47** | .51** | .35* |
| RA (adjusted) | .08 | .02 | .34** | −.05 | .03 | .11 | .13 | −.10 |
| PA (zero-order) | .51** | .51** | .55** | .72** | .53** | .56** | .60** | .53** |
| PA (adjusted) | .46** | .50** | .34** | .75** | .51** | .47* | .50** | .60** |
| Mixed ethnicity | ||||||||
| Total | .59** | .62** | .66** | .60** | .61** | .60** | .66** | .45** |
| RA (zero-order) | .51** | .54** | .66** | .51** | .51** | .51** | .64** | .36** |
| RA (adjusted) | .28** | .31** | .54** | .23 | .21 | .20 | .50** | .07 |
| PA (zero-order) | .56** | .57** | .52** | .58** | .68** | .60** | .55** | .49** |
| PA (adjusted) | .38** | .38** | .19* | .43** | .47** | .46** | .23 | .44** |
SUD substance use disorder, CD conduct disorder, YPI youth psychopathic traits inventory, ID interpersonal dimension, AD affective dimension, BD behavioral dimension, RA reactive aggression, PA proactive aggression, Surin. Surinamese
* p < .01; ** p < .001