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. 2015 Jun 28;55:79–91. doi: 10.1007/s40262-015-0294-y

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© The Author(s) 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — Plasma concentration-time profiles of the Basel cocktail probe drugs under baseline conditions (squares), after pretreatment with a combination of CYP inhibitors (circles) and after pretreatment with the CYP inducer rifampicin (diamonds). Concentration-time profiles are shown for the probe drugs (closed symbols, solid lines) and their respective metabolites (open symbols, dashed lines). a Caffeine and paraxanthine (CYP1A2), b efavirenz and 8-hydroxyefavirenz (CYP2B6), c losartan and losartan carboxylic acid (CYP2C9), d omeprazole and 5-hydroxyomeprazole (CYP2C19), e metoprolol and α-hydroxymetoprolol (CYP2D6), f midazolam and 1′-hydroxymidazolam (CYP3A4). Pretreatment with a combination of CYP inhibitors significantly changed the pharmacokinetic profiles of all probe drugs and their metabolites while the CYP inducer rifampicin predominantly affected the probe drugs for CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4. CYP cytochrome P450 enzyme