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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 18.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2015 Nov 18;527(7579):512–515. doi: 10.1038/nature15763

Figure 2. Photostimulation of bitter and sweet cortical fields drives aversive and appetitive behaviors.

Figure 2

a, b, Representative raster plots (left panel) and histograms (right panel) illustrating licking events during a 5 sec licking window in the presence (blue) or absence (open) of light stimulation of (a) the bitter and (b) the sweet cortical field. The purple line at time zero indicates the start of each trial, and the green line indicates the onset of water delivery. c, d, Quantitation of licking responses with and without light stimulation in (c) the bitter cortical field (n = 34, Mann-Whitney U test, P < 4×10−12) or (d) sweet cortical field (n = 31, Mann-Whitney U test, P < 5×10−5) of wild type mice. e, f, Quantitation of licking responses in TrpM5 knockout mice (e, bitter cortical fields, n = 9, Mann-Whitney U test, P < 5×10−5; f, sweet cortical fields, n = 10, Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.001). Each point indicates data from an individual mouse before and after photostimulation.